Table 3 Photosynthetic pigments. Content of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), and carotenoids (Car) quantified in seedlings of Vicia faba after exposure to low doses (50 mg kg⁻¹) and high doses (100 mg kg⁻¹) of nanomaterials

CNT

5.75 ± 0.20

2.10 ± 0.04

1.25 ± 0.03

ZnO@inu

50 mg kg⁻¹

5.65 ± 0.12

1.96 ± 0.02

1.36 ± 0.06

ZnO + inu

50 mg kg⁻¹

4.79 ± 0.41

1.79 ± 0.08*

1.12 ± 0.14

ZnO

50 mg kg⁻¹

6.69 ± 0.30*

2.44 ± 0.14

1.58 ± 0.04*

inu

0.3%

6.19 ± 0.09

2.36 ± 0.06

1.41 ± 0.03

CNT

6.03 ± 0.35

2.09 ± 0.18

1.37 ± 0.05

ZnO@inu

100 mg kg⁻¹

7.20 ± 0.10*

2.41 ± 0.03

1.78 ± 0.01*

ZnO + inu

100 mg kg⁻¹

5.95 ± 0.16

1.98 ± 0.03

1.49 ± 0.06

ZnO

100 mg kg⁻¹

6.43 ± 0.53

2.23 ± 0.15

1.58 ± 0.14

inu

0.6%

6.71 ± 0.34

2.57 ± 0.15

1.66 ± 0.08*