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Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Fig. 7 | Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Fig. 7

From: Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of lignin-derived products from all steam-exploded palm oil mill lignocellulosic biomass waste

Fig. 7

Antimicrobial activity from Gram-negative A Salmonella enterica, B Pseudomonas aeruginosa, C Escherichia coli, and Gram-positive D Staphylococcus aureus bacteria using 2% of low-molecular-weight lignin from all steam-exploded POMLBW. The negative control was DMF. The alphabetic symbol was used as a post hoc range of DMRT 5% to describe the significance of different pretreatment of each biomass

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