Metabolic modulation of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): an insight into growth, metabolomics and antioxidant activity under varying temperature and light conditions

Ryu, Da Hye; Cho, Jwa Yeong; Hamayun, Muhammad; Lee, Dong Gyu; Kim, Ho-Youn

doi:10.1186/s40538-023-00532-2

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 2 HS-SPME-GC-TOF–MS analysis for VOCs profiling and dynamic changes of basil

From: Metabolic modulation of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): an insight into growth, metabolomics and antioxidant activity under varying temperature and light conditions

Compound name	T30		T35		T40
Compound name	D11	D23	D11	D23	D11	D23
Phenylpropenes
Benzaldehyde	0.1 ± 0.0bc	0.1 ± 0.0a	0.1 ± 0.0c	0.1 ± 0.0ab	0.1 ± 0.0a	0.1 ± 0.0bc
Estragole	ND	ND	0.1 ± 0.0a	0.0 ± 0.0c	0.0 ± 0.0c	0.0 ± 0.0b
ρ-Chivacol	0.2 ± 0.1b	0.2 ± 0.0b	0.5 ± 0.1a	0.4 ± 0.1a	0.2 ± 0.1b	0.2 ± 0.0b
Eugenol	115.6 ± 16.9b	112.4 ± 13.2b	144.9 ± 11.5a	132.3 ± 15.5ab	147.4 ± 15.4a	133.6 ± 10.0ab
Methyl eugenol	0.5 ± 0.1d	1.5 ± 0.3bc	1.5 ± 0.5b	0.6 ± 0.1 cd	2.3 ± 0.9b	3.9 ± 0.3a
Total	116.5 ± 17.0b	114.2 ± 13.2b	147.1 ± 11.6a	133.4 ± 15.6ab	150.0 ± 15.4a	137.7 ± 10.3ab
Monoterpenes
( +)-Camphene	ND	0.0 ± 0.0 a	0.0 ± 0.0 ab	0.0 ± 0.0 b	0.0 ± 0.0 b	0.0 ± 0.0 b
Thujene	0.0 ± 0.0c	0.0 ± 0.0c	0.1 ± 0.0ab	0.1 ± 0.0b	0.2 ± 0.0ab	0.2 ± 0.0a
β-pinene	0.0 ± 0.0d	0.3 ± 0.0c	0.3 ± 0.0ab	0.3 ± 0.1bc	0.4 ± 0.0ab	0.4 ± 0.0a
β-Myrcene	0.0 ± 0.0d	0.1 ± 0.0bc	0.1 ± 0.0c	0.2 ± 0.0abc	0.2 ± 0.0ab	0.2 ± 0.0a
Eucalyptol	5.7 ± 1.3d	15.7 ± 5.6c	21.1 ± 3.1abc	19.0 ± 1.8bc	25.6 ± 3.9a	24.2 ± 0.7ab
β-(E)-Ocimene	0.0 ± 0.0c	0.2 ± 0.1b	0.2 ± 0.0b	0.4 ± 0.1a	0.4 ± 0.1a	0.4 ± 0.1a
Thujanol	0.2 ± 0.0c	0.2 ± 0.0c	0.5 ± 0.1a	0.4 ± 0.0b	0.6 ± 0.1a	0.5 ± 0.1a
(E)-Linalool oxide	0.1 ± 0.0a	0.1 ± 0.0ab	0.1 ± 0.0bc	0.1 ± 0.0bc	0.0 ± 0.0d	0.1 ± 0.0c
Linalool	39.4 ± 4.5c	91.1 ± 10.6b	122.5 ± 14.5a	96.2 ± 8.7b	46.6 ± 7.3c	51.6 ± 6.5c
Camphor	0.3 ± 0.1 cd	0.2 ± 0.0d	1.5 ± 0.2a	0.4 ± 0.1c	1.4 ± 0.1ab	1.2 ± 0.1b
δ-Terpineol	1.2 ± 0.3c	1.0 ± 0.1c	1.9 ± 0.1b	1.8 ± 0.2b	3.2 ± 0.2a	3.2 ± 0.3a
endo-Borneol	2.0 ± 0.2a	1.3 ± 0.2b	0.3 ± 0.0 cd	1.9 ± 0.2a	0.2 ± 0.0d	0.5 ± 0.1c
4-Terpineol	0.1 ± 0.0c	0.1 ± 0.0bc	0.1 ± 0.0bc	0.2 ± 0.0b	0.3 ± 0.0a	0.4 ± 0.0a
α-Terpineol	4.3 ± 0.7c	4.3 ± 0.7c	7.6 ± 0.4b	7.5 ± 0.3b	13.2 ± 1.0a	14.5 ± 1.5a
l-bornyl acetate	0.9 ± 0.1d	1.5 ± 0.4 cd	2.0 ± 0.6bc	3.8 ± 0.4a	3.8 ± 0.7a	2.5 ± 0.3b
(E)-α-Bergamotene	3.6 ± 0.7d	5.8 ± 1.0d	23.7 ± 3.8a	11.9 ± 1.1c	17.4 ± 1.8b	15.2 ± 0.9bc
Total	57.9 ± 5.1d	122.0 ± 10.7bc	182.2 ± 18.8a	144.0 ± 10.0b	113.4 ± 12.2c	115.1 ± 9.4c
Sesquiterpenes
α-Cubebene	0.0 ± 0.0c	0.0 ± 0.0bc	0.1 ± 0.0a	0.1 ± 0.0ab	0.0 ± 0.0c	0.0 ± 0.0c
Copaene	0.1 ± 0.0d	0.1 ± 0.0bc	0.2 ± 0.0a	0.1 ± 0.0b	0.1 ± 0.0 cd	0.1 ± 0.0 cd
(−)-β-Elemene	0.3 ± 0.1e	0.5 ± 0.1de	1.4 ± 0.3a	1.2 ± 0.1ab	1.0 ± 0.2bc	0.8 ± 0.1 cd
(E)-β-Famesene	0.3 ± 0.1b	0.4 ± 0.1b	1.0 ± 0.1a	0.4 ± 0.1b	0.9 ± 0.1a	1.0 ± 0.1a
Cadina-3,5-diene	0.1 ± 0.0d	0.2 ± 0.0 cd	0.3 ± 0.1b	0.5 ± 0.1a	0.3 ± 0.1bc	0.2 ± 0.0d
α-Humulene	0.7 ± 0.1d	1.4 ± 0.2d	3.7 ± 0.5bc	3.3 ± 0.2c	4.9 ± 0.4a	4.2 ± 0.6b
Germacrene D	0.6 ± 0.1d	1.8 ± 0.3c	4.6 ± 1.0a	2.7 ± 0.6bc	3.0 ± 0.2b	2.9 ± 0.4b
β-Cyclogermacrane	0.3 ± 0.1c	0.9 ± 0.0c	2.6 ± 0.3a	2.1 ± 0.8ab	2.1 ± 0.2ab	1.7 ± 0.1b
δ-Guaiene	ND	0.3 ± 0.0 c	0.5 ± 0.1 b	0.9 ± 0.0 a	0.5 ± 0.1 b	0.2 ± 0.0 c
γ-Cadinene	0.8 ± 0.1d	1.8 ± 0.3 cd	4.0 ± 1.2a	3.5 ± 0.4ab	2.7 ± 0.4bc	2.2 ± 0.2c
cis-Calamenene	0.3 ± 0.1d	0.4 ± 0.1 cd	0.8 ± 0.1a	0.8 ± 0.1ab	0.6 ± 0.2bc	0.5 ± 0.1c
Nerolidol	0.2 ± 0.0e	0.2 ± 0.0de	0.4 ± 0.1bc	0.3 ± 0.1 cd	0.8 ± 0.1a	0.5 ± 0.1b
(−)-Spathulenol	0.8 ± 0.1c	0.7 ± 0.1c	1.6 ± 0.5a	1.1 ± 0.1bc	1.5 ± 0.1ab	1.4 ± 0.1ab
epi-Cubenol	0.5 ± 0.1b	0.5 ± 0.1b	0.9 ± 0.2a	1.0 ± 0.2a	0.9 ± 0.2a	0.7 ± 0.0ab
epi-α-Cadinol	4.6 ± 1.3c	5.7 ± 0.8bc	8.4 ± 1.9a	8.1 ± 1.0ab	8.8 ± 1.6a	6.6 ± 0.5abc
Total	9.5 ± 1.8c	15.0 ± 1.8c	30.7 ± 5.9a	26.0 ± 2.4ab	28.1 ± 3.1ab	23.0 ± 1.7b
Aldehydes
Hexanal	0.0 ± 0.0a	0.0 ± 0.0b	0.0 ± 0.0b	0.0 ± 0.0bc	0.0 ± 0.0c	0.0 ± 0.0c
(E)-2-Hexenal	0.8 ± 0.1a	0.5 ± 0.1c	0.6 ± 0.1b	0.8 ± 0.1ab	0.4 ± 0.1c	0.3 ± 0.0c
(E,E)-2,4-Hexadienal	0.0 ± 0.0d	0.3 ± 0.0a	0.1 ± 0.0c	0.0 ± 0.0d	0.1 ± 0.0b	0.0 ± 0.0d
(E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal	0.3 ± 0.0 cd	0.3 ± 0.0d	0.6 ± 0.1a	0.4 ± 0.1bc	0.4 ± 0.1bcd	0.5 ± 0.1b
Benzeneacetaldehyde	0.1 ± 0.0d	0.1 ± 0.0c	0.1 ± 0.0d	0.2 ± 0.0b	0.3 ± 0.0a	0.3 ± 0.0a
Total	1.2 ± 0.1ab	1.1 ± 0.1b	1.4 ± 0.1a	1.4 ± 0.1a	1.1 ± 0.2b	1.2 ± 0.1b
Etc
(4Z)-4-Hexenyl acetate	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.1 ± 0.0 a	0.1 ± 0.0 b
1-Octanol	0.2 ± 0.0b	0.2 ± 0.0b	0.4 ± 0.1a	0.5 ± 0.1a	0.5 ± 0.0a	0.5 ± 0.1a
Phenylethyl Alcohol	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.1 ± 0.0 a	0.1 ± 0.0 b
Total	0.2 ± 0.0c	0.2 ± 0.0c	0.4 ± 0.1b	0.5 ± 0.1b	0.7 ± 0.0a	0.7 ± 0.1a
Total VOCs	185.3 ± 21.2d	252.5 ± 23.0c	361.7 ± 33.7a	305.3 ± 25.7b	293.4 ± 27.9bc	277.8 ± 20.3bc

Experiment was conducted five biological replications and data were expressed as µg/20 mg (means ± standard deviation). Same lower cases represent non-significant difference and different lower cases (a–d) in the same row represent statistically significant differences among the groups according to Tukey HSD Test (p < 0.05)

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