Table 4 Primary metabolites of basil cultivated under different temperature and DLI

Organic acids

1

Lactic Acid

1062

0.06 ± 0.01c

0.20 ± 0.02a

0.12 ± 0.03b

0.11 ± 0.01b

0.06 ± 0.00c

0.07 ± 0.01c

2

Glycolic acid

1077

0.07 ± 0.01b

0.05 ± 0.00 cd

0.04 ± 0.00d

0.04 ± 0.00d

0.06 ± 0.01bc

0.09 ± 0.01a

Pyruvic acid

1091

0.05 ± 0.00b

0.10 ± 0.02a

0.05 ± 0.00b

0.10 ± 0.01a

0.10 ± 0.01a

0.09 ± 0.01a

6

Oxalic acid

1145

1.89 ± 0.15bc

2.57 ± 0.26a

1.77 ± 0.20c

2.29 ± 0.27ab

1.58 ± 0.16 cd

1.32 ± 0.22d

9

Malonic acid

1208

0.49 ± 0.03b

0.50 ± 0.03b

0.49 ± 0.05b

0.66 ± 0.10b

1.68 ± 0.19a

1.51 ± 0.20a

12

Maleic acid

1310

0.85 ± 0.10c

1.63 ± 0.11a

1.03 ± 0.12c

1.27 ± 0.08b

1.30 ± 0.16b

0.85 ± 0.06c

13

Succinic acid

1316

5.43 ± 1.00b

10.28 ± 0.77a

4.05 ± 0.41c

3.81 ± 0.22c

4.89 ± 0.95bc

6.01 ± 0.37b

14

Glyceric acid

1338

0.28 ± 0.04b

0.39 ± 0.04a

0.30 ± 0.03b

0.13 ± 0.02c

0.09 ± 0.01c

0.12 ± 0.01c

15

Fumaric acid

1348

0.80 ± 0.09c

1.06 ± 0.05b

1.40 ± 0.12a

0.60 ± 0.05d

0.55 ± 0.05d

0.65 ± 0.08d

17

Glutaric acid

1406

0.02 ± 0.01a

0.02 ± 0.00ab

0.02 ± 0.00ab

0.02 ± 0.00ab

0.02 ± 0.00b

0.02 ± 0.00ab

20

Malic acid

1498

54.18 ± 2.98b

60.97 ± 5.10ab

67.03 ± 5.88a

39.04 ± 4.39c

38.34 ± 2.80c

45.42 ± 3.38c

24

2-Oxoglutaric acid

1585

2.17 ± 0.39b

5.57 ± 0.90a

2.33 ± 0.35b

0.86 ± 0.14c

0.51 ± 0.07c

0.95 ± 0.17c

26

Tartaric acid

1653

31.87 ± 4.73b

43.40 ± 4.57a

38.16 ± 4.24ab

36.77 ± 3.17ab

39.55 ± 2.16a

38.81 ± 3.69ab

29

Putrescine

1747

0.11 ± 0.03b

0.26 ± 0.05a

0.12 ± 0.03b

0.21 ± 0.01a

0.08 ± 0.02b

0.08 ± 0.01b

32

Shikimic acid

1822

5.10 ± 0.86b

10.45 ± 0.76a

5.08 ± 0.43b

2.60 ± 0.29c

0.41 ± 0.07d

0.78 ± 0.05d

33

d-Glucuronic acid

1832

0.43 ± 0.08c

0.79 ± 0.12a

0.71 ± 0.07ab

0.65 ± 0.12ab

0.58 ± 0.04bc

0.76 ± 0.05a

34

Citric acid

1837

0.96 ± 0.15b

1.20 ± 0.15a

1.06 ± 0.13ab

0.95 ± 0.04b

1.00 ± 0.05ab

1.18 ± 0.04a

43

Ferulic acid

2104

0.03 ± 0.00bc

0.04 ± 0.00ab

0.02 ± 0.00c

0.05 ± 0.01a

0.05 ± 0.00a

0.05 ± 0.01a

44

Caffeic acid

2153

5.53 ± 0.45c

9.06 ± 0.73a

1.06 ± 0.13d

7.06 ± 0.74b

5.72 ± 0.49c

4.89 ± 0.25c

Total

110.32 ± 6.96c

148.55 ± 9.31a

124.85 ± 10.42b

97.24 ± 3.86 cd

96.55 ± 2.07d

103.66 ± 3.94cd

Amino acids

3

l-Valine

1090

0.93 ± 0.19d

1.99 ± 0.16c

0.97 ± 0.09d

2.96 ± 0.57b

4.86 ± 0.76a

4.11 ± 0.71a

5

l-Alanine

1106

0.02 ± 0.00b

0.01 ± 0.00b

0.03 ± 0.01b

0.03 ± 0.00b

0.29 ± 0.08a

0.24 ± 0.04a

7

l-Leucine

1159

0.85 ± 0.29c

1.41 ± 0.12b

0.58 ± 0.07c

1.55 ± 0.15ab

1.91 ± 0.20a

1.67 ± 0.27ab

8

l-Isoleucine

1181

0.82 ± 0.06d

1.37 ± 0.16c

0.65 ± 0.14d

1.89 ± 0.28b

2.50 ± 0.24a

2.02 ± 0.41b

10

l-Serine

1263

0.60 ± 0.06c

1.12 ± 0.05b

0.60 ± 0.08c

1.22 ± 0.16b

1.50 ± 0.12a

1.28 ± 0.12b

11

l-Threonine

1301

0.51 ± 0.07d

0.92 ± 0.07c

0.59 ± 0.10 cd

1.27 ± 0.14b

1.75 ± 0.21a

1.60 ± 0.30ab

16

l-Homoserine

1363

0.03 ± 0.00c

0.06 ± 0.02b

0.03 ± 0.00c

0.04 ± 0.01c

0.09 ± 0.02a

0.10 ± 0.01a

18

l-Aspartic acid

1429

0.51 ± 0.06c

0.94 ± 0.12b

0.49 ± 0.10c

0.61 ± 0.15c

1.78 ± 0.14a

0.90 ± 0.07b

19

β-Alanine

1435

ND

0.01 ± 0.00c

ND

ND

0.02 ± 0.00b

0.04 ± 0.01a

21

l-5-Oxoproline

1534

13.16 ± 0.81a

12.74 ± 0.69a

9.76 ± 1.22b

13.72 ± 1.72a

4.86 ± 0.46d

7.44 ± 0.50c

22

GABA

1537

0.01 ± 0.00d

0.04 ± 0.01c

ND

0.05 ± 0.01c

0.08 ± 0.02b

0.12 ± 0.01a

23

DL-Phenylalanine

1558

0.34 ± 0.07 cd

0.60 ± 0.05bc

0.29 ± 0.04d

0.84 ± 0.14b

2.04 ± 0.32a

0.39 ± 0.10 cd

25

l-Glutamic acid

1626

0.01 ± 0.00c

0.30 ± 0.01c

ND

0.16 ± 0.03c

2.15 ± 0.44b

2.77 ± 0.31a

31

l-Glutamine

1785

ND

ND

ND

ND

1.65 ± 0.09a

1.10 ± 0.11b

35

Asparagine

1886

0.48 ± 0.07c

0.85 ± 0.10c

0.46 ± 0.08c

2.07 ± 0.45a

1.42 ± 0.16b

1.88 ± 0.24a

40

l-Lysine

1936

0.04 ± 0.00d

0.10 ± 0.02bc

0.07 ± 0.00 cd

0.16 ± 0.03b

0.30 ± 0.03a

0.24 ± 0.06a

41

l-Tyrosine

1956

0.10 ± 0.01d

0.33 ± 0.05 cd

0.13 ± 0.03d

0.41 ± 0.05bc

1.19 ± 0.29a

0.66 ± 0.11b

Total

18.40 ± 1.41c

22.79 ± 1.39b

14.66 ± 1.81c

26.97 ± 3.27a

28.38 ± 2.08a

26.56 ± 2.01ab

Carbohydrates

27

d-Xylose

1675

0.29 ± 0.05b

0.48 ± 0.07a

0.31 ± 0.03b

0.16 ± 0.02c

0.15 ± 0.02c

0.15 ± 0.02c

28

d-Arabinose

1681

0.12 ± 0.02ab

0.16 ± 0.02a

0.13 ± 0.02ab

0.13 ± 0.04ab

0.10 ± 0.03b

0.11 ± 0.01ab

30

l-Rhamnose

1748

0.14 ± 0.02a

0.13 ± 0.01a

0.11 ± 0.01b

0.09 ± 0.00bc

0.08 ± 0.01c

0.08 ± 0.01c

36

Fructose

1902

5.93 ± 1.23a

6.77 ± 0.66a

6.32 ± 0.89a

2.88 ± 0.73b

2.52 ± 0.26b

2.02 ± 0.22b

37

Mannose

1917

0.06 ± 0.01a

0.06 ± 0.01a

0.05 ± 0.01a

0.03 ± 0.01b

0.02 ± 0.00b

0.03 ± 0.01b

38

Galactose

1923

6.54 ± 1.07ab

7.43 ± 1.32a

5.31 ± 0.69bc

3.98 ± 0.59cd

4.27 ± 0.55cd

3.39 ± 0.38d

39

Glucose

1929

43.48 ± 7.95c

98.97 ± 6.86a

53.97 ± 4.69b

27.65 ± 3.32d

12.24 ± 1.75e

16.04 ± 3.13e

49

Sucrose

2590

3.97 ± 0.84 cd

6.54 ± 0.44a

3.97 ± 0.51 cd

5.30 ± 0.31b

3.62 ± 0.25d

4.90 ± 0.35bc

Total

60.52 ± 9.93b

120.56 ± 7.99a

70.16 ± 6.22b

40.21 ± 2.92c

23.00 ± 2.32d

26.71 ± 3.76d

Fatty acids

42

Palmitic Acid

2050

2.87 ± 0.51bc

2.90 ± 0.17bc

4.52 ± 0.67a

3.42 ± 0.19b

2.75 ± 0.24bc

2.31 ± 0.20c

45

Linoleic acid

2215

0.21 ± 0.03ab

0.30 ± 0.05a

0.18 ± 0.06b

0.23 ± 0.03ab

0.22 ± 0.03ab

0.24 ± 0.06ab

46

Oleic Acid

2220

0.01 ± 0.00b

0.01 ± 0.00b

0.01 ± 0.00a

0.01 ± 0.00b

0.01 ± 0.00b

0.01 ± 0.00ab

47

α-Linolenic acid

2223

0.30 ± 0.02b

0.36 ± 0.02a

0.33 ± 0.03ab

0.37 ± 0.03a

0.37 ± 0.04a

0.37 ± 0.01a

48

Stearic acid

2245

1.02 ± 0.12ab

1.14 ± 0.06a

1.26 ± 0.23a

1.27 ± 0.16a

0.87 ± 0.05b

0.81 ± 0.07b

Total

4.41 ± 0.60bcd

4.71 ± 0.25bc

6.30 ± 0.86a

5.29 ± 0.38b

4.22 ± 0.24cd

3.74 ± 0.31d