Bacterial inoculants and enzymes based silage cocktails boost the ensiling quality of biomasses from reed, corn and rice straw

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 5 Effects of silage cocktails based on bacterial inoculants and enzyme mixtures on ensiling quality of reed, corn and rice straw

Biomass	Cocktail^d	pH	LA (g/kg)	AA (g/kg)	NH₄–N (g/kg)	NH₄–N/TN (%)	LA/TA (%)
Reed straw	R-Control	5.76^a	1.48^b	7.24	0.55	2.54^a	0.21^b
	R-Mesa	3.64^b	23.57^a	7.7	0.74	1.68^b	3.47^a
	R-MesaA	3.64^b	16.9^a	5.38	0.72	1.98^ab	3.42^a
	R-MesaB	3.9^b	19.62^a	7.25	0.69	1.80^b	2.99^ab
	R-MesaC	3.66^b	13.73^a	8.69	0.61	1.57^b	2.05^ab
	R-MesaG	3.68^b	22.87^a	7.8	0.68	1.86^b	3.43^a
	SEM	0.10	2.08	0.46	0.02	0.06	0.41
	P value	< 0.01	0.02	0.42	0.13	0.04	0.04
Corn straw	C-Control	5.84^a	12.62^b	13.54	2.74^a	2.76a	0.84^b
	C-Mesa	3.69^b	44.11^a	14.33	2.18^b	1.99^b	3.98^a
	C-MesaA	3.68^b	55.12^a	15.94	2.23^b	2.02^b	4.38^a
	C-MesaB	3.67^b	59.29^a	10.21	2.01^b	1.64^c	4.66^a
	C-MesaC	3.64^b	33.47^a	11.32	2.57^b	2.14^b	5.67^a
	C-MesaG	3.70^b	52.33^a	15.83	2.15^b	1.90^bc	5.07^a
	SEM	0.12	4.6	1.01	0.06	0.06	0.68
	P value	< 0.01	0.04	0.49	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.04
Rice straw	RI-Control	5.59^a	2.11^b	10.83^bc	2.53^a	2.57^a	0.20^d
	RI-Mesa	3.68^b	48.37^a	6.81^c	1.43^b	1.16^b	7.20^a
	RI-MesaA	3.79^b	41.78^a	15.03^a	1.45^b	1.18^b	2.35^cd
	RI-MesaB	3.77^b	34.83^a	11.74^ab	1.09^b	0.87^c	3.12^bcd
	RI-MesaC	3.76^b	41.98^a	7.57^c	1.10^b	0.87^c	6.14^ab
	RI-MesaG	3.82^b	44.03^a	10.45^bc	1.35^b	1.10^bc	4.19^abc
	SEM	0.11	3.89	0.68	0.08	0.09	0.65
	P value	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

LA lactic acid, AA acetic acid, NH₄–N ammonia–nitrogen, TN total nitrogen, TA total acid, SEM standard error of the means
^a–cMean the statistical differences in the same column within each straw type with a P value less than 0.05
^dR Reed straw, C Corn straw, and RI rice straw, control group means the control without bacterial and enzyme supplementation, Mesa the basal silage cocktail treatment (containing 1.0 × 10⁶ CFU L. plantarum, 1.4 × 10⁷ CFU L. buchneri; 3.0 × 10⁵ CFU P. pentosaceus; 8.0 × 10⁸ CFU A. niger; 1.6 × 10⁶ CFU B. subtilis; 1.0 × 10⁹ CFU C. utilis; and enzymes: 5.0 × 10⁴ U xylanase; 2.5 × 10³ U β-mannanases; 1.0 × 10⁴ U glucanase), MesaA represents Mesa with a double or triple dosage of A. niger for reed, corn and rice straws, respectively, MesaB represents Mesa with a double dosage of B. subtilis, MesaC represents Mesa with a double dosage of C. utilis, MesaG represents Mesa with a double dosage of glucanase