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Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 5 Average alpha and beta diversity and relative abundance of Azotobacter genus in soil samples of microcosm assay and results of permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA)

From: Combined application of N-fixing PGPB and rice straw mulch compensates N immobilization by straw, improving crop growth

Treatment

Alpha diversity Shannon

Beta diversity

Nº bacterial genera

Relative abundance Azotobacter

Non-inoculated control

4.59

18.64

443

4.93E-4

Azotobacter chroococcum SM199

4.71*

14.63*

451

1.05*

Azotobacter chroococcum SM700

4.77*

15.18*

472*

0.03

Non-mulching control

4.63

14.85

445

0.35

Mulching

4.75*

17.45*

474*

0.36

PERMANOVA/ANOVA (pseudo-F/F values and signif. level)

D.F

    

Inoculation

2

9.63*

5.34*

9.48**

13.39***

Mulching

1

13.21*

5.76*

14.21***

4.16E-3 ns

Inoculation x mulching

6

1.84 ns

0.32 ns

0.60 ns

5.12E-3 ns

  1. The soil sampling used for the analysis was carried out at the end of the experiment in September 2021. Treatments correspond to inoculations with the indicated strains and the mulching application. Asterisks indicate the level of significance between the different levels of the independent variable. For the independent variable inoculation; asterisks indicate the level of significance of the differences between each treatment and the non-inoculated control using a PERMANOVA pair-wise test. Significance levels: ***p < 0.001; **0.001 < p < 0.01; *0.01 < p < 0.05; ns, not significant; D.F., degrees of freedom.
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