Fig. 1

Composition and diversity of root exudates. A The distribution of compounds in the tomato and pepper root exudates at the Superclass level. B PCoA combined with PERMANOVA shows the influence of species and pathogen on the root exudates. C, D The alpha diversities of root exudates in different treatments. “ns” (non-significant); *(P < 0.05); **(P < 0.01); ***(P < 0.001). E Enrichment of root exudates in healthy and diseased peppers (FDR-corrected P < 0.05). Black border represents the intersection of significantly enriched root exudates in peppers and tomatoes with the same state. F Enrichment of root exudates in healthy and diseased tomatoes (FDR-corrected P < 0.05). Black border represents the intersection of significantly enriched root exudates in peppers and tomatoes with the same state. G Intersection of significantly enriched root exudates in peppers and tomatoes with the same state. THR rhizosphere of healthy tomato, TDR rhizosphere of diseased tomato, PHR rhizosphere of healthy pepper, PDR rhizosphere of diseased pepper