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Table 3 pH, EC, ash content, total macro- and micronutrients, total Cd, total Pb, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity content in BSG 1:25 FPR 1:100 and LPR 1:200 aqueous extracts

From: Extraction and characterization of bio-effectors from agro-food processing by-products as plant growth promoters

Aqueous extracts

 

BSG 1:25

FPR 1:100

LPR 1:200

pH

 

5.5 ± 0.1

5.5 ± 0.2

3.3 ± 0.1

EC

dS m−1

0.2 ± 0.0

0.6 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.0

Ash

%

18.5 ± 0.2

25.0 ± 1.1

9.3 ± 0.3

Total N

 

40.0 ± 0.4

157 ± 10

10.0 ± 0.2

Total P

 

47.2 ± 0.2

43.6 ± 0.3

3.78 ± 0.2

Total K

 

19.4 ± 1.8

330 ± 8.7

50.1 ± 4.5

Total Ca

 

58.3 ± 0.4

8.22 ± 0.55

34.7 ± 2.7

Total Mg

 

34.3 ± 0.40

5.41 ± 0.8

5.49 ± 0.60

Total Na

 

5.44 ± 1.1

72.0 ± 2.3

5.46 ± 0.48

Total Cu

mg L−1

0.05 ± 0.01

0.11 ± 0.00

0.05 ± 0.00

Total Fe

 

0.44 ± 0.08

0.43 ± 0.10

0.55 ± 0.04

Total Mn

 

0.32 ± 0.01

0.17 ± 0.00

0.03 ± 0.00

Total Ni

 

0.03 ± 0.01

0.06 ± 0.00

0.02 ± 0.00

Total Zn

 

0.18 ± 0.05

0.27 ± 0.06

0.27 ± 0.05

Total Cd

 

<0.005

<0.005

<0.005

Total Pb

 

0.01 ± 0.00

0.01 ± 0.00

0.01 ± 0.00

Total polyphenols

g kg−1

10.57 ± 1.96c

57.88 ± 5.61a

49.54 ± 3.13b

Antioxidant activity

mM trolox L−1

1.81 ± 0.31c

5.55 ± 1.01a

3.77 ± 0.44b

  1. Values reported are average of three replicates ± standard deviation. Within same row, means with different letters (a, b, c) indicate significant difference between values at P < 0.05(LSD Fisher's test).
  2. BSG, brewers spent grain; FPR, fennel processing residues; LPR, lemon processing residues.