Physicochemical analyses of plant biostimulant formulations and characterisation of commercial products by instrumental techniques

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 4 A summary of bioactive compounds identified by FTIR and Py-GC/MS to show known biological activities of the formulations

Formulation name	FTIR functional group/compound	Py-GC/MS–pyrolysis products	Biological activities of the compounds	Biological activities of the compounds
Rygex	Humic acids, polysaccharides, amino groups, peptides	Polysaccharides, amino acids, peptides	Stimulate antioxidant response; act as chelating agent for boosting resistance to stress in crop plants; improved nitrogen metabolism	[6, 15, 58]
Algavyt	Nitriles, amino groups, polysaccharides	Mannitol, amino acids, polysaccharides,	Nitrile-precursor for indole-3- acetic acid); mannitol stimulates polyamide synthesis and enhanced nutrient transport; alleviate abiotic stress	[59, 60]
Ryzoset	Amino acids, saponins, polysaccharides	Amino acids, methyl furan and furfural derivatives	Enhanced root growth to reduce abiotic and biotic stresses; antimicrobial activity	[50, 61, 62]
Manek	Fatty acid, long chain hydrocarbons	Compounds containing long chain hydrocarbons	Enhanced resistance to biotic stress; growth hormone-like stimulation	[3]
Ecoryg	Peptides	Tri-methylamines, N,N-dimethylglycine methyl ester	Growth hormone-like stimulation; as chelating agent for boosting resistance to stress in crop plants	[6, 15, 58]
Algavyt Zn/Mn	Amino acids, Polysaccharides	Pyrroles, N heterocyclic compounds	Induce plant defence responses and increase plant tolerance to abiotic stress; signalling role in regulating nitrogen acquisition by roots	[3, 51, 52, 63, 64]