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Table 3 NH4 +-application and bio-effector effects on ear-leaf N and P, and grain yield (field experiment 2014)

From: Improving fertilizer-depot exploitation and maize growth by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria: from lab to field

 

Ear-leaf N conc. (%)

Ear-leaf P conc. (mg g−1)

Grain (Mg ha−1)

LS means NH4*BE

 NH4-Broad

3.28

4.17

7.23

 NH4-Broad*BE1

3.25

4.16

7.23

 NH4-Broad*BE2

3.15

4.06

7.05

 NH4-Depot

3.02

3.31

8.35

 NH4-Depot*BE1

3.02

3.40

7.41

 NH4-Depot*BE2

2.91

3.17

7.36

 Standard error

0.09

0.17

0.45

Two-Way ANOVA

 NH4 application method

0.0029**

< 0.0001***

NS

 NH4-Broad

3.22 ± 0.05 a

4.13 ± 0.09 a

7.16 ± 0.28

 NH4-Depot

2.99 ± 0.05 b

3.29 ± 0.09 b

7.69 ± 0.29

 BE

NS

NS

NS

 NoBE

3.15 ± 0.06

3.74 ± 0.12

7.74 ± 0.34

 BE1

3.14 ± 0.06

3.78 ± 0.12

7.35 ± 0.34

 BE2

3.03 ± 0.06

3.61 ± 0.12

7.19 ± 0.34

  1. P values are in italics, NS no significant difference when P ≥ 0.1; P < 0.1 is bold italics; * P < 0.5; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; Means ± standard errors not sharing the same letters are significantly different from each other, Tukey test α = 0.05; NH4-Broad starter fertilizer as mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) followed by broadcasting and incorporation stabilized (NH4)2SO4 over the canopy
  2. NH4-Depot starter MAP and subsurface placement of concentrated stabilized (NH4)2SO4 solution in water at 10 cm soil depth; BE bio-effector, NoBE no bio-effector, BE1 Pseudomonas sp. DSMZ 13134, BE2 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, Ear-leaf N, and P (79 DAS, BBCH 61-75) and grain yield (172 DAS, BBCH 89-99)