An effective bioremediation approach for enhanced microbial degradation of the veterinary antibiotic sulfamethazine in an agricultural soil

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 1 ¹⁴C mass balance at the end of the incubation experiment

Treatment	¹⁴CO₂	¹⁴C in soil pore water	¹⁴C extractable	¹⁴C non-extractable	¹⁴C recovery
MCCP-HA	51.4 ± 0.3	0.5 ± 0.0	5.1 ± 0.0	42.9 ± 0.8	100.0 ± 0.6
Control	1.8 ± 0.0	not measured	14.2 ± 0.5	81.9 ± 0.5	97.8 ± 1.1

Percent distribution and mass balance of ¹⁴C in soil Scheyern1 after 161 days of incubation with MCCP-HA in % of applied ¹⁴C-radioactivity. MCCP-HA = Microbial community attached on carrier particles, group of higher initial SMZ mineralization activity; values represent mean ± standard deviation; n = 3