Characterizing phosphorus forms in cropland soils with solution 31P-NMR: past studies and future research needs

Cade-Menun, Barbara J.

doi:10.1186/s40538-017-0098-4

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 1 Studies in North America, Europe and South America using ³¹P-NMR to investigate P in soil under cropping systems, sorted by location

From: Characterizing phosphorus forms in cropland soils with solution ³¹P-NMR: past studies and future research needs

Location	Pub date^a	Soil^b	Crop	P fertilization (kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹)	Treatment	Peak ID^c	Agron. data^d
Africa
Madagascar [24]	1990	Ferrosol, Andosol	Rice	20	P forms in rice soils	B
Northern Tanzania [26]	2000	Luvisol	Corn, beans	Various	Forests vs. fertilized (0 CF vs. AM) cropping systems	B
Ethiopia [27]	2002	Alisol, Nitrisol	Tea, corn, corn/sorghum	Various	Cropping systems; D^e	B	STP
West Cameroon [28]	2003	Palehumult	Tea plantation, food crop fields	Various	Forest vs. cropping systems (permanent, annual)	B	STP
Madagascar [48]	2006	Oxisols	Rice	Various	Different rice cropping systems; CF, AM, COM	M	STP, Y
Asia
Northern Thailand [25]	2000	Cambisol	Cabbage	Not given	Cultivated vs. native forests	B
Shenyan, China [49]	2012	Luvisol	Corn, rice	35 or 47	Land use types, EA	B	STP
Zhejang, China [30]	2013	Ultisol	Rice, tea, vegetables, nursery stock, bamboo	Various	Crops;	D, C	STP
Henan, China [38]	2014	Cambisol	Winter wheat/summer corn	59	Tillage, residue incorporation, aggregates, EA	B	STP
Jilin, China [50]	2014	Phaeozem	Corn–soybean each year	45	Tillage, aggregates	B	STP
Jilin, China [51]	2014	Phaeozem	Continuous corn monoculture	Various	Fertilization, CF and AM, EA	M	STP
Yunnan, China [52]	2015	Ultisols	Vegetables, horticulture	118.5–196.5	Land use, leaching losses; forests vs. open cropland, greenhouses	B	STP
Northeastern China [53]	2015	Gleysol, lithosol	Cropland (winter wheat summer corn), vegetables, orchards		Land use, fertilization, EA, sorption	M	STP
Shandong, China [54]	2016	Gleysol	Greenhouse, double-crop tomatoes	Various	CF, AM; high N fertilizer, leaching	D, C	PB, STP
Australia
New South Wales [55]	2008	Luvisol	Continuous wheat, wheat–legume rotations	20	Tillage, stubble, rotation, microbial community	B	RP, Y
New South Wales [35, 56]	2009, 2011	Haplorthod, Fragiudult	Vegetables		Pasture vs. conventional and organic vegetables and horticulture	D, C
New South Wales, Queensland [57]	2014	Vertisol	Grain-fallow-cotton, pulse-fallow-cotton	6 (every 2 years)	Vertisols in Australia	D	STP
Europe, Israel
Germany, Denmark [20, 21]	1996, 1999	Eutrochept, Hapludalf	Wheat, beet, barley rotation	0–39	Compared fertilized, cultivated fields to native soils; particle size; D	B	STP
Finland [59]	2011	Cambisol	Barley, winter rye, pea, oats rotation	Various	Organic (AM) vs. conventional (CF) rotations	B	STP, PB
Sweden [60]	2013	Cambisol, Phaeozem, Umbrisol	Grain-based rotation	Various	Soil textures, fertilization rates (CF, AM)	M	STP, PB
England [62]	2013	Paleudalf	Winter wheat	0	pH gradient	D	RP
Israel [63]	2014	Chromoxerert	Corn	40 RW, 10 CF	Irrigation, fertilization with CF or RW	D, C	STP
Switzerland [61]	2015	Luvisol	8-year, wheat-based rotation	Various	Fertilization; 0, CF, AM, COM, SS; EH	D, C	PB, RP, Y
Germany [58]	2015	Luvisol	Winter wheat, barley	0	Particle size fractions	B
United Kingdom [10]	2015	Cambisol, Luvisol, Podzol	Winter wheat, oats, barley	Not given	Compared land uses	B	STP
North America
Mexico [22]	1985	Vertisol	Tree garden (mango, papaya, avocado); Corn	20 (corn)	Unfertilized gardens, fertilized corn (CF)	B
Saskatchewan, Canada [23]	1990	Chernozem, Gleysol, Luvisol	Cereal rotation	0	Compared to uncultivated native grasslands	B
Quebec, Canada [64]	1999	Hapludalf, Humaquet	Corn	0, 44, 132	Fertilization rates	B	STP
New York, USA [66]	2005	Fragiudepts, Dystrudepts	Corn or corn/alfalfa	Various	Compared short and long-term AM application; D	B	STP
Pennsylvania, USA [67]	2009	Hapludults, Hapludalf, Fragiudults, Dystrudepts	Various corn-based rotations	29–120	Compared high rates of AM from various sources	M	STP
Delaware, Maryland USA [68]	2009	Hapludult	Corn, soybean		Compared crop soils with AM to poultry feces, composted manure	M	STP
Prince Edward Island, Canada [33]	2010	Podzol	Wheat, barley/soybean, fescue	Various	Tillage	D, C	STP
Quebec, Canada [32]	2014	Humaquept	Corn/soybean rotation	0, 17.5, 35	Tillage, CF fertilization	D, C	STP
Georgia, USA [31]	2015	Kanhapludult	Corn/winter rye, cotton/winter rye	Various	Tillage, CF and AM fertilization	D, C
Saskatchewan, Canada [65]	2015	Chernozem	Continuous monoculture wheat	0, 10	Long-term with and without CF	D, C	STP, Y
Idaho, USA [69]	2016	Haplocalcid	Wheat–potato–barley	Various	Fertilization: CF, high and low AM	D, C	STP
South America
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil [71]	2002	Oxisols, Paleudalt	Various, grain-based	Various	Tillage; various crop rotations	B	STP
Minas Gerais, Brazil [72]	2003	Oxisols	Coffee plantations	5–15	Monoculture coffee vs. agroforestry coffee	B	STP
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil [73]	2005	Oxisols	Various crops	0, 26, 52	Greenhouse cropping experiment, multiple crop rotation cycles	B	RP
South Chile [70]	2011	Palehumult	Lupin–wheat, oat–wheat rotations	80–90	Rotation, tillage, microbial P, enzymes	B	STP, Y
Santa Catarina, Brazil [74]	2015	Cambisol	Apple orchard	11	Land use; CF, between and in apple tree rows	B
Rio Grande do Sul and Parana, Brazil [75]	2016	Oxisol, Ultisol	Various summer crops, winter cover crop	9, 27, 70	Grazed and ungrazed winter cover crops, CF	D, C	PB, STB

Within each region, publications are arranged chronologically based on date of publication
AM animal manure, CF chemical fertilizer, COM compost, EA measured phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities, EH enzyme hydrolysis, RW recycled wastewater, SS sewage sludge; please see the original publications for more details
^aYear of publication
^bAs reported in the original publication
^cPeak identification: B, broad (only compound classes); C, monoesters corrected for diester degradation peaks; D, detailed (most peaks identified); M, moderate (some peaks identified)
^dAgronomic information was included; PB, P balance(input–removal); RP, resin-extractable P; STP, soil test P (Olsen P, Mehlich P); Y, yield
^eD: extracted sample dialyzed prior to NMR analysis

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