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Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 1 Response ratios of sugars and organic acids (HA-treated vs control)

From: Humic acids increase the maize seedlings exudation yield

 

Root extract

Exudates

 

Root extract

Exudates

Carbohydrates metabolism—glycolysis

Compounds related to stress response

 Glycerol

− 2.02*

2.12 *

 Trehalose

− 1.28

4.56*

 Glucose-6-phosphate

− 1.68

15.48*

 Salicylaldehyde

− 2.55

3.45*

 Glycerol-3-galactoside

− 1.12

12.31*

 Tagatose

− 1.52

29.93*

 6-Deoxyglucose

− 1.66

6.93*

 Beta-gentiobiose

− 1.64

8.13*

 Glycerol-alpha-phosphate

1.27

3.84*

TCA cycle

 Glucose

− 1.12

1.59*

 Alpha-ketoglutarate

1.75*

4.25*

 Glucose-1-phosphate

1.04

1.41

 Isocitric acid

2.74

12.16*

Pentose pathway

 Aconitic acid

− 1.46

18.81*

 Ribose

− 2.05*

3.14*

 Itaconic acid

− 1.48

2.52*

 Erythritol

− 1.71

11.20*

 Succinic acid

− 1.37

11.85*

 Ribitol

− 1.40

9.07*

 Malic acid

1.73

25.84*

General carbohydrates metabolism

 Maleic acid

1.40

2.08*

 Sophorose

− 3.94*

66.51*

 Fumaric acid

− 1.49

5.92*

 Sorbitol

− 3.02*

11.85*

Compounds linked to stress response

 Mannose

− 6.79*

6.05*

 2-Deoxytetronic acid

− 3.31*

12.39*

 Methyl O-d-galactopyranoside

− 1.15

66.97*

 Threonic acid

− 1.13

5.07*

 Xylonolactone

− 2.57

59.29*

 Isothreonic acid

− 2.25

8.25*

 Lyxose

− 1.45

9.31*

 Citramalic acid

− 1.72

13.24*

 Fructose

1.08

8.51*

 Mucic acid

− 1.09

7.45*

 Levoglucosan

1.06

7.19*

Compounds linked to pentose pathway

 Lyxitol

− 1.49

6.89*

 Gluconic acid

− 1.94*

8.28*

 Xylulose

− 1.49

5.50*

 Pyruvic acid

− 1.96

1.56*

 Xylose

− 1.46

5.24*

 Ribonic acid

− 2.01

− 1.04

 Methylhexose

− 1.26

4.82*

Compounds linked to carbohydrates metabolism

 Xylitol

− 1.86

4.10*

 Lactic acid

− 4.80*

12.59*

 Hexose-6-phosphate

− 1.45

3.13*

 Glycolic acid

− 1.65*

2.71*

 Fructose-6-phosphate

− 1.59

2.63*

 3-Hydroxypropionic acid

− 1.40*

2.04*

 Maltotriose

− 4.83*

1.34

 4-Hydroxybutyric acid

− 1.95*

2.80*

 Maltose

− 4.86*

2.43

 Glyceric acid

− 1.79

13.51*

 Maltitol

1.89

2.42

 3-Hydroxybutyric acid

1.29

5.26*

 Sucrose

1.55

3.24

 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid

4.64

2.43*

 Lactitol

− 1.17

10.86

 Galactonic acid

− 1.29

1.52

 Fucose

− 1.86

3.25

 2-Hydroxyglutaric acid

− 1.47

2.59

Carbohydrates metabolism—cell wall

 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid

− 1.31

2.18

 Galactose

− 1.62

9.01*

   

 Galactinol

1.20

10.54*

   

 3,6-Anhydro-d-galactose

− 1.04

3.23*

   
  1. When the response ratio (level in a given treatment divided by the level in the control) was lower than 1 the inverse was taken, and the sign changed. Values in italic type and indicated by * represent a Dunnett’s test significance of p < 0.05 against the control
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