Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 2 Toxicity of different ethanolic plant extracts (µg/larva) against second instars of S. litura

From: A plant-based extract mixture for controlling Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Compounds	C. longa		S. trilobata		A. galanga
Dose	24 h	48 h	24 h	48 h	24 h	48 h
LD₅₀	108.894	106.171	41.993	41.141	30.5	29.703
LD₅₀ SE	12.104	11.77	3.466	3.39	3.472	3.366
Chi square	31.26	20.83	8.83	7.95	3.72	3.74
LD₅₀ LCL	90.81	88.492	35.64	34.913	24.27	23.643
LD₅₀ UCL	240.274	136.542	49.239	48.207	37.882	36.831
Slope ± SE	2.30 ± 0.31	2.25 ± 0.29	2.28 ± 0.23	2.29 ± 0.23	1.64 ± 0.17	1.65 ± 0.17

Compounds	P. nigrum		A. calamus		P. retrofractum
Dose	24 h	48 h	24 h	48 h	24 h	48 h
LD₅₀	27.91	25.805	11.044	9.78	5.575	5.522
LD₅₀ SE	3.227	2.891	0.87	0.804	0.522	0.507
Chi square	3.04	2.84	4.62	5.75	0.53	0.45
LD₅₀ LCL	22.37	20.752	9.474	8.319	4.597	4.569
LD₅₀ UCL	35.042	32.169	12.9	11.479	6.631	6.546
Slope ± SE	1.41 ± 0.13	1.44 ± 0.13	2.44 ± 0.22	2.30 ± 0.21	2.19 ± 0.27	2.24 ± 0.27

LD₅₀ lethal dosage that kills 50% of the exposed larvae, expressed in μg/larvae; SE standard error; LCL lower confidence limit; UCL upper confidence limit

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