Table 1 The average physicochemical properties of the cane industrial effluents (mg/L) [11, 28,29,30,31]
From: Sugarcane biorefineries wastewater: bioremediation technologies for environmental sustainability
Parameter | Sugar factory | Ethanol distillery spent wash |
|---|---|---|
Temperature (°C) | 29.3–44.3 | 46.3–56.3 |
pH | 6.7–8.4 | 3.9–4.9 |
Electric conductivity (µS/cm) | 540.3–925.9 | 3910.0–50,500.0 |
BOD5 | 654.6–1968.5 | 50,000.0–60,000.0 |
COD | 1100.3–2148.9 | 110,000.0–190,000.0 |
Chloride | 30.5–866.6 | 6213.6–7475.7 |
Total hardness | 356.2–2493.1 | 3100.3–4, 477.2 |
Calcium | 365.4–468.0 | 2676.5–3389.8 |
Magnesium | 214.8–341.0 | 816.3– 1828.1 |
Total solid | 2452.3–3050.6 | 91,876.9–150,300.9 |
Total dissolved solids | 1480.2–1915.1 | 13,000.0–88,265.1 |
Total suspended solids | 220.3–790.7 | 3611.1–150,000.0 |
Nitrates | 0.4–0.9 | 2.40.3–32.9 |
Organic –N | 24.3–36.4 | 75.2–400.7 |
Ammonia –N | 0.0–4.2 | 10.9–18.1 |
Total nitrogen | 11.1–40.6 | 85.8–1355. 3 |
Phosphate | 1.2–9.6 | 1.2–27.6 |
Sulfate | 21.5–51.7 | 803.0–6050.5 |
Oil and greases | 88.7–134.4 | 30.3–202.1 |