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Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 2 Technical impacts of laser-land-leveling technology

From: The impact assessment of technologies diffusion: a mixed methods analysis

Variables

Positive impact

No impact

Mean rank

High

Medium

Low

Percent

Frequency

Percent

Frequency

Percent

Frequency

Percent

Frequency

Uniform germination of crop

74.1

278

22.1

83

1.6

6

1.6

6

2.69

Uniform distribution of water

70.4

264

25.6

96

2.7

10

–

–

2.68

Facilitating agricultural activities

70.4

264

25.1

94

3.2

12

0.5

2

2.66

Water waste

73.1

274

17.9

67

6.9

26

1.1

4

2.64

Uniform growth of crop

69.3

260

26.1

98

2.4

9

1.6

6

2.64

Water consumption

65.9

247

30.4

114

2.4

9

0.5

2

2.62

Irrigation time

65.1

244

30.4

114

2.9

11

0.5

2

2.61

Cultivation in barren lands

67.7

254

24.8

93

3.5

13

2.7

10

2.59

Land consolidation

67.7

254

24.5

92

3.2

12

3.2

12

2.58

Crop yield

59.5

223

35.5

133

2.4

9

1.6

6

2.54

Machineries speed (time-saving)

63.2

237

28.5

107

5.3

20

2.1

8

2.54

Expansion of total area planting

61.9

232

28.3

106

5.6

21

2.9

11

2.51

Cretes sizes

61.1

229

30.4

114

4.5

17

2.9

11

2.51

Improving machineries traverse (improving field trafficability)

60.8

228

29.6

111

6.1

23

2.7

10

2.49

Deep percolation of water

62.1

233

25.9

97

6.9

26

3.7

14

2.48

Using conservation tillage

57.3

215

31.2

117

5.6

21

2.7

10

2.47

Using chopper combine

54.9

206

26.7

100

5.1

19

3.5

13

2.47

Traffic of tractor in the field

61.9

232

26.7

100

6.9

26

3.7

14

2.47

Cultivable area (farm useful area)

55.2

207

36.5

137

5.3

20

2.1

8

2.45

Using zero tillage planting

65.9

247

30.4

114

2.4

9

0.5

2

2.41

Using modern solutions sprayer

57.1

214

27.2

102

5.3

20

6.4

24

2.40

Time taken for land preparation

54.9

206

32.3

121

6.1

23

5.1

19

2.39

Combination use

56.3

211

29.1

109

7.2

27

5.1

19

2.39

Tillage operation

49.3

185

38.7

145

6.7

25

3.7

14

2.35

Time taken for harvesting

54.9

206

31.7

119

5.1

19

7.5

28

2.35

Density of crop

53.1

199

34.1

128

5.6

21

6.1

23

2.35

Cropping pattern

57.3

215

27.5

103

4.8

18

8.8

33

2.35

Coping with drought

53.1

199

31.7

119

8.3

31

5.6

21

2.34

Crop shedding

57.3

215

26.9

101

5.3

20

8.8

33

2.34

Moisture-holding capacity

51.2

192

35.7

134

4.3

16

7.5

28

2.32

Farm infrastructures

52.8

198

30.1

113

5.9

22

9.9

37

2.27

Time taken for planting

50.7

190

32.8

123

5.3

20

10.1

38

2.25

Underground waters level

50.1

188

31.7

119

7.2

27

9.6

36

2.24

Fossil fuel consumption

43.5

163

35.2

132

10.1

38

5.6

21

2.23

Crop diversity

49.3

185

32.0

120

6.1

23

11.5

43

2.20

Crop rotation

45.1

169

34.7

130

5.6

21

12.5

47

2.14

Frequency of irrigation

46.4

174

31.7

119

8.5

32

12.3

46

2.13

Land fallow

46.7

175

30.1

113

6.4

24

15.7

59

2.08

Electricity use

42.7

160

32.5

122

5.9

22

15.2

57

2.06

Seed consumption

40.3

151

36.0

135

8.3

31

14.4

54

2.03

Irrigation method

47.5

178

24.5

92

3.2

12

23.5

88

1.97

Pesticide consumption

30.9

116

35.7

134

9.6

36

23.2

87

1.74

Fertilizer consumption

27.5

103

35.5

133

9.3

35

26.7

100

1.64

Number of spraying pesticides

26.1

98

33.1

124

8.3

31

31.5

118

1.54

Harvest date

27.2

102

27.5

103

8.8

33

35.2

132

1.47

Turnaround time between harvesting one crop and planting another

24.8

93

24.0

90

8.0

30

40.5

152

1.33

Planting date

22.4

84

23.5

87

7.5

28

45.9

172

1.22

Yielding period length

20.3

76

21.9

82

5.9

22

48.8

183

1.14

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