Interaction of lead and cadmium on growth and leaf morphophysiological characteristics of European hackberry (Celtis australis) seedlings

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 2 Leaf area, leaf SPAD value, and number of leaves with chlorotic and necrotic symptoms of plants under lead and cadmium treatments

Treatments	mg L⁻¹	Leaf area (cm²/leaf)	Leaf SPAD value	No. of chlorotic leaves/plant	No. of necrotic leaves/plant
Lead levels	0	19.3a	73.1a	1.2c	0.5c
	15	16.2b	64.4b	3.2b	2.5b
	30	11.2c	52.9c	7.1a	4.3a
Cadmium levels	0	17.5a	65.2a	2.9a	1.9b
Cadmium levels	5	13.6b	55.7b	4.8b	3a

The lead and cadmium levels were applied to pots via irrigation water, 2–3 times per week for 6 months
Data are average of 4 replications. For each trait and at each heavy metal levels, means with different letter (a, b or c) are significantly different at 5% level of LSD test