Table 2 Influence of SA and salt stress on essential oils yield and composition in S. officinalis

Oils content (%)

1.2 ± 0.01a

1.5 ± 0.01b

1.8 ± 0.1c

0.8 ± 0.1d

1.7 ± 0.1e

1.3 ± 0.1f

Components

Peak area %

Hydrocarbon monoterpenes

 Tricyclene

0.21

0.24

0.26

nd

nd

nd

 α-Pinene

nd

7.44

2.00

2.09

2.89

2.93

 β-Terpinene

6.43

nd

nd

2.00

2.69

2.88

 Camphene

4.30

4.62

5.30

nd

4.07

nd

 β-Pinene

1.85

2.24

nd

2.09

1.93

2.54

 β-Myrcene

1.02

1.11

1.20

1.92

nd

1.21

 α-Terpinene

0.12

nd

nd

Tr

0.20

1.76

 Terpinolene

0.25

0.36

0.40

0.88

0.16

0.85

 α-Ocimene

0.10

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

 β-Ocimene

0.17

0.11

Nd

nd

0.12

nd

 γ-Terpinene

nd

nd

0.31

0.68

nd

0.68

 2-Carene

nd

0.15

0.12

nd

nd

nd

 Cis-Sabinene hydrate

0.21

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

 Pseudolimonene

nd

nd

8.30

nd

nd

nd

 Total (%)

14.66

16.27

17.90

9.66

12.06

12.85

Oxygenated monoterpenes

 1,8-Cineole

14.92

15.06

15.57

10.00

14.00

14.14

 Thujanone

nd

nd

nd

15.73

16.62

6.00

 Thujanol

0.10

nd

nd

0.72

nd

0.23

 β-Terpineol

0.12

nd

nd

0.15

0.19

0.22

 β-Thujone

2.90

3.42

3.50

1.55

0.40

0.12

 α-Thujone

27.43

22.22

21.11

20.20

25.38

27.58

 Camphor

26.41

27.44

27.81

19.11

23.05

24.62

 Thujol

0.64

nd

0.32

nd

nd

nd

 Endo-borneol

0.62

1.47

2.63

1.35

0.73

1.07

 Borneol

nd

nd

nd

0.83

nd

0.48

 Bornyl acetate

1.83

nd

0.90

1.41

nd

0.51

 Terpinen-4-ol

0.87

nd

0.80

0.88

nd

0.90

 l-α-Terpineol

nd

0.40

0.66

1.58

0. 40

0.35

 Myrtenol

nd

nd

nd

0.27

0.26

0.24

 Estragol

0.59

0.82

0.91

nd

nd

nd

 Pulegone

nd

0.10

0.11

0.45

0.11

0.16

 Costol

nd

nd

nd

0.38

nd

nd

 Totale (%)

76

71.73

74.44

74.61

81. 14

76. 62

Hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes

 Cariophyllene

1.11

1.82

1.4

1.29

2.24

1.30

 Humulene

0.92

1.57

1.6

1.00

0.13

1.09

 γ-Muurolene

nd

0.14

0.10

0.24

0.18

0.16

 Cadinene

nd

0,13

nd

nd

nd

nd

 β-Longipinene

nd

nd

nd

0.34

0.30

0.17

 Germacrene-D

Tr

nd

0.12

0.17

nd

0.14

 Total (%)

2.03

3.66

3.1

3.04

2.88

2.86

Oxygenated sesquiterpenes

 Geranyl isovalerate

nd

nd

nd

0.18

nd

0.13

 Sabinol isovalerate

0. 31

nd

0.17

nd

0.36

0.38

 Caryophyllene oxide

0.98

0.79

0.72

0.65

0.71

0.29

 Humulene epoxide II

0.65

0.78

0.75

0.49

0.96

1.30

 Viridiflorol

nd

2.81

2.70

0.32

0.71

0.29

 Caryophylladienol II

nd

nd

nd

0.38

0.24

0.17

 β-Santalol

nd

nd

nd

0.29

0.30

0.22

 Total (%)

1.94

4.38

4.34

2.31

2.58

2.78

 Total identified (%)

94.61

96.04

99.77

89.62

98.66

95.11