Chemical components of essential oils and biological activities of the aqueous extract of Anethum graveolens L. grown under inorganic and organic conditions

Ozliman, Sedef; Yaldiz, Gulsum; Camlica, Mahmut; Ozsoy, Nurten

doi:10.1186/s40538-021-00224-9

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 6 Antimicrobial activities of A. graveolens herb and seed essential oils (%)

From: Chemical components of essential oils and biological activities of the aqueous extract of Anethum graveolens L. grown under inorganic and organic conditions

	Treatments	Gram-negative				Gram-positive			Fungi
	Treatments	S.a	S.e	MRSA	E.f	E.c	K.p	P.a*	C.a
Herb of dill	Control	12.50 ± 0.20^a	12.50 ± 0.20^b	6.25 ± 0.30^b	12.50 ± 0.36^c	6.25 ± 0.12^c	6.25 ± 0.33^b	12.50 ± 0.36	0.80 ± 0.03^c
	30 kg ha⁻¹ AN	6.25 ± 0.20^b	25.00 ± 0.16^a	6.25 ± 0.26^b	50.00 ± 0.42^a	12.50 ± 0.23^b	12.50 ± 0.26^a	12.50 ± 0.22	0.40 ± 0.01^d
	60 kg ha⁻¹ AN	6.25 ± 0.20^b	3.13 ± 0.09^d	6.25 ± 0.22^b	12.50 ± 0.36^c	3.13 ± 0.08^d	3.13 ± 0.23^c	12.50 ± 0.45	0.80 ± 0.03^c
	90 kg ha⁻¹ AN	6.25 ± 0.30^b	25.00 ± 0.23^a	6.25 ± 0.22^b	50.00 ± 0.50^a	12.50 ± 0.23^b	12.50 ± 0.26^a	12.50 ± 0.36	0.80 ± 0.05^c
	120 kg ha⁻¹ AN	6.25 ± 0.30^b	6.25 ± 0.21^c	1.60 ± 0.08^c	12.50 ± 0.22^c	6.25 ± 0.26^c	3.13 ± 0.23^c	12.50 ± 0.36	0.80 ± 0.05^c
	7.5 t ha⁻¹ FYM	3.13 ± 0.18^c	6.25 ± 0.24^c	1.60 ± 0.08^c	6.25 ± 0.16^d	6.25 ± 0.26^c	6.25 ± 0.26^b	12.50 ± 0.48	1.60 ± 0.02^b
	10 t ha⁻¹ FYM	12.50 ± 0.20^a	25.00 ± 0.26^a	25.00 ± 0.13^a	25.00 ± 0.32^b	25.00 ± 0.63^a	12.50 ± 0.23^a	25.00 ± 0.50	6.25 ± 0.10^a
	12.5 t ha⁻¹ FYM	1.60 ± 0.16^d	6.25 ± 0.22^c	6.25 ± 0.11^b	12.50 ± 0.23^c	12.50 ± 0.22^b	6.25 ± 0.33^b	6.25 ± 0.26	0.80 ± 0.02^c
	15 t ha⁻¹ FYM	3.13 ± 0.18^c	3.13 ± 0.22^d	6.25 ± 0.15^b	12.50 ± 0.25^c	6.25 ± 120^c	6.25 ± 0.32^b	6.25 ± 0.26	0.80 ± 0.02^c
Seed of dill	Control	25.00 ± 0.50^a	25.00 ± 0.12*	3.13 ± 0.08^d	25.00 ± 0.12*	12.50 ± 0.52^b	0.80 ± 0.08^b	25.00 ± 0.22^a	0.10 ± 0.01^b
	30 kg ha⁻¹ AN	12.50 ± 0.23^b	25.00 ± 0.13	6.25 ± 0.12^c	25.00 ± 0.11	25.00 ± 0.86^a	0.80 ± 0.02^b	25.00 ± 0.33^a	0.10 ± 0.01^b
	60 kg ha⁻¹ AN	25.00 ± 0.42^a	25.00 ± 0.13	12.5 ± 0.22^b	25.00 ± 0.12	12.50 ± 0.23^b	0.80 ± 0.01^b	25.00 ± 0.24^a	0.10 ± 0.01^b
	90 kg ha⁻¹ AN	12.50 ± 0.46^b	25.00 ± 0.15	0.80 ± 0.00^e	25.00 ± 0.06	25.00 ± 0.62^a	0.80 ± 0.01^b	25.00 ± 0.24^a	0.10 ± 0.01^b
	120 kg ha⁻¹ AN	12.50 ± 0.12^b	25.00 ± 0.16	6.25 ± 0.18^c	25.00 ± 0.06	25.00 ± 0.32^a	0.40 ± 0.01^c	12.50 ± 0.08^b	0.05 ± 0.00^c
	7.5 t ha⁻¹ FYM	12.50 ± 0.22^b	25.00 ± 0.18	25.00 ± 0.36^a	25.00 ± 0.06	6.25 ± 0.08^c	0.80 ± 0.02^b	25.00 ± 0.12^a	0.10 ± 0.01^b
	10 t ha⁻¹ FYM	25.00 ± 0.48^a	25.00 ± 0.14	3.13 ± 0.12^d	25.00 ± 0.12	25.00 ± 0.23^a	12.50 ± 0.13^a	25.00 ± 0.18^a	0.20 ± 0.02^a
	12.5 t ha⁻¹ FYM	25.00 ± 0.52^a	25.00 ± 0.16	3.13 ± 0.08^d	25.00 ± 0.16	12.50 ± 0.08^b	0.80 ± 0.03^b	25.00 ± 0.22^a	0.10 ± 0.01^b
	15 t ha⁻¹ FYM	12.50 ± 0.50^b	25.00 ± 0.16	3.13 ± 0.16^d	25.00 ± 0.15	12.50 ± 0.11^b	0.80 ± 0.03^b	25.00 ± 0.31^a	0.05 ± 0.00^c

S.a: S. aureus ATCC 29213; S.e: S. epidermidis ATCC 12228; MRSA Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300; E.f: E. faecalis 29212; E.c: E. coli ATCC 25922; K.p: K. pneumoniae ATCC 4352; P.a: P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853; C.a: C. albicans ATCC 10231
*There was not any statistical differences at p < 0.05 level
Values were the means of three replicates
Values with different letters in the same column were significantly (p < 0.05) different
Antimicrobial activities of dill herb and seed essential oils were evaluated separately

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