Fig. 4From: Effect of pyrene-induced changes in root activity on growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.), and the health risks caused by pyrene in Chinese cabbage at different growth stagesStructural equation model describing the effects of low doses (5–45 mg kg−1) (a, b) and high doses (135–405 mg kg−1) (c, d) of pyrene on growth of Chinese cabbage. Arrows depict casual relationships, red lines indicate positive effects, and black lines indicate negative effects. Arrow widths are proportional to p values. Dotted grey arrows indicate nonsignificant paths (p > 0.05). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Biomass is the sum of root fresh weight and shoot fresh weight. RA, root activity; MDA, malondialdehydeBack to article page