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Fig. 4 | Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Fig. 4

From: Effect of pyrene-induced changes in root activity on growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.), and the health risks caused by pyrene in Chinese cabbage at different growth stages

Fig. 4

Structural equation model describing the effects of low doses (5–45 mg kg−1) (a, b) and high doses (135–405 mg kg−1) (c, d) of pyrene on growth of Chinese cabbage. Arrows depict casual relationships, red lines indicate positive effects, and black lines indicate negative effects. Arrow widths are proportional to p values. Dotted grey arrows indicate nonsignificant paths (p > 0.05). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Biomass is the sum of root fresh weight and shoot fresh weight. RA, root activity; MDA, malondialdehyde

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