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Table 1 Effect of lactic acid bacteria-bioconversioned RE on the biofilm formation of bacteria (S. Typhimurium, Y. enterocolitica. E. coli O157:H7, S. aureus) at different concentrations (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50% v/v)

From: Anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of lactic acid bacteria-bioconversioned indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) extract

Bacteria

Sample

Biofilm formation (%)a

Controlb

3.125%

6.25%

12.50%

25%

50%

Y. enterocolitica

RE1

100 ± 3.39aC

90.35 ± 9.79efgC

72.82 ± 3.21dB

68.35 ± 4.02efB

60.97 ± 1.05cB

38.25 ± 5.29bcA

LP-RE

100 ± 4.97aD

97.41 ± 5.31fghD

98.67 ± 7.84efD

61.12 ± 8.59deC

39.93 ± 4.12bB

24.55 ± 4.57bA

LR-RE

100 ± 5.40aD

61.93 ± 5.31bcC

57.71 ± 1.18bcC

51.92 ± 7.34cdBC

44.47 ± 6.44bB

24.98 ± 1.43bA

S. Typhimurium

RE1

100 ± 11.92aB

90.67 ± 4.64efgB

97.37 ± 3.48efB

65.15 ± 5.08defA

64.20 ± 5.08cA

59.28 ± 5.14dA

LP-RE

100 ± 3.56aC

82.57 ± 11.48defB

72.86 ± 1.53dB

26.85 ± 6.36aA

35.54 ± 2.62bA

32.61 ± 5.58bcA

LR-RE

100 ± 3.42aD

68.21 ± 4.80cdB

61.89 ± 6.46cB

74.11 ± 9.40efB

37.01 ± 5.62bA

35.49 ± 11.30bcA

E. coli O157:H7

RE1

100 ± 6.67aB

77.77 ± 3.61deA

92.64 ± 4.87eB

77.85 ± 3.92fA

121.98 ± 5.59eC

114.34 ± 7.00fC

LP-RE

100 ± 5.15aAB

110.06 ± 3.12hB

109.36 ± 2.88gAB

110.86 ± 4.13gBA

98.74 ± 7.87dA

101.26 ± 2.99eAB

LR-RE

100 ± 3.73a

101.60 ± 9.73ghA

105.59 ± 3.84fgAB

122.13 ± 10.57gBC

123.24 ± 12.75eBC

137.98 ± 8.54gC

S. aureus

RE1

100 ± 4.36aD

53.70 ± 6.82bB

52.39 ± 2.01bB

43.25 ± 4.56bcAB

42.60 ± 5.31bAB

36.35 ± 6.76bcA

LP-RE

100 ± 3.55aE

97.43 ± 3.22fghE

40.71 ± 4.36aD

29.74 ± 2.59abC

22.53 ± 1.43aB

10.81 ± 1.98aA

LR-RE

100 ± 6.37aC

32.02 ± 5.37aA

32.26 ± 2.86aA

42.13 ± 4.84bcAB

40.12 ± 3.21bAB

44.57 ± 3.20cB

  1. Uppercase letters (series “A-D) indicate significant (Duncan’s range test, p < 0.05) differences in the same row, and lowercase letters (series “a-h”) indicate significant (Duncan’s range test, p < 0.05) differences in the same column
  2. aResults are expressed as average percentage ± standard deviation of biofilm (%)
  3. bControl is the biofilm formation of bacteria without sample and assigned to 100%