Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum inoculation on the quality and bacterial community of whole-crop corn silage at different harvest stages

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 3 Effects of harvest period, dose of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and their interactions on NDF and ADF concentrations

Ensiling days	Harvest stage		Dose of L.p² (cfu/g)				Treatment¹								SEM	P value
Ensiling days	Milk stage	Dough stage	0	1 × 10⁶	1 × 10⁷	1 × 10⁸	ZM	LM	MM	HM	ZD	LD	MD	HD	SEM	Harvest stage	Dose of L.p²	Harvest stage × dose of L.p²
NDF (%)
3	42.57^a	40.43^b	41.29	41.69	41.09	41.92	42.74	42.86	42.31	42.36	39.85	40.52	39.88	41.48	0.36	< 0.01	0.84	0.77
7	41.65^a	39.98^b	40.12^a	40.42^a	40.77^ab	41.96^b	40.53^ab	41.00^abc	42.23^bc	42.84^c	39.71^a	39.84	39.31^a	41.08^abc	0.24	< 0.01	< 0.05	0.45
21	41.33^a	39.41^b	39.90	40.26	40.52	40.81	40.48	40.98	42.03	41.81	39.32	39.53	39.00	39.80	0.35	< 0.05	0.82	0.79
42	40.77^a	38.99^b	39.73	39.84	40.07	39.90	40.24	40.83	41.22	40.80	39.22	38.85	38.92	38.99	0.35	< 0.05	0.99	0.93
ADF (%)
3	22.88	21.75	21.69	22.64	22.25	22.68	22.40	23.33	23.35	22.46	20.99	21.95	21.16	22.90	0.35	0.13	0.74	0.61
7	21.93	20.83	20.71	20.97	21.54	22.28	21.37	21.44	22.56	22.34	20.04	20.51	20.53	22.22	0.33	0.12	0.38	0.78
21	21.81	20.58	20.86	20.72	21.37	21.82	21.93	21.37	22.26	21.67	19.78	20.08	20.49	21.97	0.31	0.06	0.58	0.53
42	21.74^a	20.01^b	20.26^a	21.37^b	20.37^a	21.51^b	21.13^b	22.67^c	21.66^b	21.51^b	19.39^a	20.07^a	19.08^ab	21.50^b	0.12	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

^a,b,cValues with different superscripts in the same row within each trial factor in the same row (harvest stage, L. plantarum addition and each treatment group) indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05)
¹ZM: 0 cfu/g of L. plantarum + milk stage; LM: 1 × 10⁶ cfu/g of L. plantarum + milk stage; MM: 1 × 10⁷ cfu/g of L. plantarum + milk stage; HM: 1 × 10⁸ cfu/g of L. plantarum + milk stage; ZD: 0 cfu/g of L. plantarum + dough stage; LD: 1 × 10⁶ cfu/g of L. plantarum + dough stage; MD: 1 × 10⁷ cfu/g of L. plantarum + dough stage; HD: 1 × 10⁸ cfu/g of L. plantarum + dough stage
²L.p: L. plantarum