Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum inoculation on the quality and bacterial community of whole-crop corn silage at different harvest stages

Table 6 Effects of corn silage harvest period, dose of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and their interaction on mycotoxin concentrations

Ensiling days	Harvest stage		Dose of L.p² (cfu/g)				Treatment¹								SEM	P value
Ensiling days	Milk stage	Dough stage	0	1 × 10⁶	1 × 10⁷	1 × 10⁸	ZM	LM	MM	HM	ZD	LD	MD	HD	SEM	Harvest stage	Dose of L.p²	Harvest stage × dose of L.p²
DON (mg/kg)
3	0.42^a	2.80^b	1.40^ab	1.64^b	1.14^a	2.26^c	0.48^a	0.37^a	0.39^a	0.45^a	2.32^c	2.92^d	1.89^b	2.07^c	0.28	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
7	0.41^a	4.01^b	2.43	1.94	2.12	2.35	0.47^a	0.37^a	0.38^a	0.43^a	4.40^b	3.50^b	3.85^b	2.28^b	0.39	< 0.01	0.37	0.55
21	0.43^a	2.45^b	1.78	1.32	1.20	1.45	0.46^a	0.46^a	0.37^a	0.44^a	3.11^b	2.18^b	2.04^ab	2.47^b	0.27	< 0.01	0.72	0.77
42	0.38^a	2.40^b	1.70	1.44	1.11	1.32	0.39^a	0.37^a	0.37^a	0.39^a	3.00^c	2.51^bc	1.86^b	2.25^b	0.23	< 0.01	0.12	0.13
AFB1 (μg/kg)
3	1.59	1.37	1.71	1.57	1.33	1.31	1.68^ab	1.38^ab	1.63^ab	1.67^ab	1.74^ab	1.77^a	1.02^bc	0.95^d	0.09	0.17	0.23	0.06
7	1.87^a	1.30^b	1.65	1.55	1.60	1.54	1.87^a	1.76^ab	1.83^a	2.04^a	1.43^ab	1.34^ab	1.37^ab	1.04^b	0.10	< 0.01	0.96	0.56
21	1.79^a	1.13^b	1.59	1.42	1.35	1.49	1.83^a	1.75^a	1.66^a	1.92^a	1.34^b	1.09^b	1.03^b	1.06^b	0.08	< 0.01	0.18	0.48
42	1.71^a	1.02^b	1.54	1.34	1.22	1.36	1.87^a	1.64^a	1.60^ab	1.72^a	1.20^bc	1.03^c	0.84^c	0.99^c	0.09	< 0.01	0.18	0.94

^a,b,cValues with different superscripts in the same row within each trial factor in the same row (harvest stage, L. plantarum addition and each treatment group) indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05)
¹ZM: 0 cfu/g of L. plantarum + milk stage; LM: 1 × 10⁶ cfu/g of L. plantarum + milk stage; MM: 1 × 10⁷ cfu/g of L. plantarum + milk stage; HM: 1 × 10⁸ cfu/g of L. plantarum + milk stage; ZD: 0 cfu/g of L. plantarum + dough stage; LD: 1 × 10⁶ cfu/g of L. plantarum + dough stage; MD: 1 × 10⁷ cfu/g of L. plantarum + dough stage; HD: 1 × 10⁸ cfu/g of L. plantarum + dough stage
²L.p: L. plantarum