Pharmacophore study, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation of virgin coconut oil derivatives as anti-inflammatory agent against COX-2

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 2 Binding Scores and Interactions of Ligands Docked to COX-2

Ligands	Binding score (kcal/mol)	Hydrogen bond	Hydrophobic interactions	Total interactions
Monocaproin	− 7.47	PHE529, LEU531, GLY533, LEU534	LEU352, TRP387, TRP387, PHE518, PHE518, VAL523, VAL523	11
Monocaprylin	− 7.02	TYR385, TYR385, PHE529, LEU531, GLY533, LEU534	PHE381, LEU384, TYR385, TRP387, PHE518, PHE518, VAL523. VAL523	14
Monocaprin	− 7.56	GLN192, ARG513, ILE517, PHE518	LEU352, LEU384, TYR385, TRP387, PHE518, PHE518, VAL523	11
Monolaurin	− 7.58	TYR385, PHE529, LEU531, GLY533, LEU534	VAL349, LEU352, LEU384, TYR385, TRP387, PHE518, PHE518, VAL523, VAL523, ALA527	15
Monomyristin	− 7.53	VAL523	PHE205, PHE209, VAL228, VAL349, ILE377, PHE381, PHE381, LEU534, LEU534	10
Caproic	− 5.62	PHE529, LEU531, GLY533, LEU534	PHE205, PHE209, VAL228, ILE377, LEU534, LEU534	10
Caprylic	− 5.65	ALA527, LEU531	LEU384, TYR385, TRP387, VAL523	6
Capric	− 6.09	GLN192, ILE517, PHE518, HIS90 (salt bridge)	LEU352, TRP387, PHE518, VAL523, VAL523	9
Lauric	− 6.62	HIS90, GLN192, ILE517, PHE518	LEU352, PHE381, LEU384, TYR385, TRP387, PHE518, PHE518, VAL523, VAL523,	13
Myristic	− 7.01	GLY526, LEU531	LEU352, PHE381, LEU384, TYR385, TRP387, PHE518, PHE518, VAL523, VAL523, ALA527	12
Reference Drug
Aspirin	− 7.14	TYR385, GLY526, LEU531	PHE381, TRP387, ALA527	6
Ibuprofen	− 7.72	LEU531, GLY533, LEU534	PHE205, PHE381, TYR385, LEU534	7
Paracetamol	− 6.76	TYR385, MET522, GLY526	PHE381, PHE381, LEU384, TYR385, TRP387	8

Bold texts indicate important residue at binding site of COX-2 protein, namely, VAL344, TYR348, VAL349, LEU384, TYR385, and TRP387