Using PICRUSt2 to explore the functional potential of bacterial community in alfalfa silage harvested at different growth stages

Wang, Siran; Wang, Yuxin; Liu, Haopeng; Li, Xinbao; Zhao, Jie; Dong, Zhihao; Li, Junfeng; Kaka, Niaz Ali; Nazar, Mudasir; Shao, Tao

doi:10.1186/s40538-022-00372-6

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 2 Fermentation characteristics (g/kg of DM, unless otherwise stated) in alfalfa silages at two growth stages

From: Using PICRUSt2 to explore the functional potential of bacterial community in alfalfa silage harvested at different growth stages

Items	Growth stages	Storage time (day)						SEM	P value
Items	Growth stages	1	3	7	15	30	60	SEM	G	T	G × T
pH	Initial flowering	6.06^Aa	5.95^Aab	5.82^Abc	5.62^Ac	5.28^Ad	5.75^Abc	0.004	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
pH	Full flowering	5.26^Ba	5.28^Ba	5.07^Bb	4.81^Bc	4.79^Bc	4.70^Bd	0.004	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Lactic acid	Initial flowering	18.2^Bd	27.1^Bbc	28.1^Bbc	32.7^Bab	34.5^Ba	23.7^Bcd	2.864	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Lactic acid	Full flowering	23.7^Ad	36.8^Ac	47.0^Aab	50.1^Aab	46.4^Ab	52.6^Aa	2.864	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Acetic acid	Initial flowering	15.3^Ac	22.0^Ab	21.7^Ab	23.8^b	25.1^b	31.4^Aa	2.931	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.643
Acetic acid	Full flowering	11.1^Bd	15.6^Bcd	17.8^Bbcd	20.6^abc	21.4^ab	26.1^Ba	2.931	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.643
Lactic acid/acetic acid	Initial flowering	1.19^Ba	1.24^Ba	1.29^Ba	1.38^Ba	1.37^Ba	0.75^Bb	0.093	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.004
Lactic acid/acetic acid	Full flowering	2.14^A	2.35^A	2.66^A	2.44^A	2.17^A	2.02^A	0.093	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.004
Propionic acid	Initial flowering	5.33^c	5.38^c	5.45^Bc	5.44^Bc	6.57^Ab	12.0^Aa	0.014	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Propionic acid	Full flowering	5.56^b	5.59^b	6.41^Aa	6.53^Aa	6.19^Bab	6.30^Bab	0.014	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Butyric acid	Initial flowering	5.54^c	5.58^Bc	5.66^Bc	5.67^Bc	6.32^Ab	7.24^Aa	0.031	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Butyric acid	Full flowering	5.76^c	6.14^Aab	6.30^Aa	6.42^Aa	5.63^Bc	5.90^Bbc	0.031	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Ethanol	Initial flowering	15.8^c	18.5^Abc	18.7^Ab	20.5^Aab	21.1^Aab	21.8^Aa	0.734	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Ethanol	Full flowering	15.0^b	16.1^Bab	17.0^Ba	17.5^Ba	15.1^Bb	15.9^Bab	0.734	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Dry matter (g/kg FW)	Initial flowering	219^Ba	217^Bab	217^Babc	216^Babc	215^Bbc	213^Bc	2.902	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Dry matter (g/kg FW)	Full flowering	238^Aa	235^Aa	230^Ab	226^Ac	223^Acd	219^Ad	2.902	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Ammonia nitrogen (g/kg TN)	Initial flowering	47.7^Ae	92.2^Ad	100^Ad	123^Ac	157^Ab	183^Aa	3.078	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Ammonia nitrogen (g/kg TN)	Full flowering	20.1^Bf	49.5^Be	71.8^Bd	105^Bc	122^Bb	143^Ba	3.078	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Water soluble carbohydrates	Initial flowering	43.6^Ba	33.0^Bb	24.5^Bc	16.5^Bd	11.7^Be	6.24^f	1.602	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Water soluble carbohydrates	Full flowering	47.7^Aa	41.0^Ab	32.0^Ac	20.0^Ad	14.1^Ae	6.64^f	1.602	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

G: effect of growth stages of alfalfa; T: effect of storage time; G × T: the interaction between growth stages and storage time. Means with different letters in the same row (^a−f) or column (^A−B) differ (P < 0.05)
DM dry matter, FW fresh weight, TN total nitrogen, SEM standard error of means

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