Skip to main content

Table 2 Proteases and ureases of composting, duration of thermophilic phase, prominent bacterial species, and type of compost

From: Thermophilic bacteria and their thermozymes in composting processes: a review

Enzyme

Thermophilic phase

Prominent bacteria

Compost type

Refs.

Protease

4th–8th week/24

Paenibacillus validus 1VC

Agricultural residue/sawdust 97:3 and 15:85

[54]

4th–16th day/25

Stenotrophomonas, Sinibacillus

Mulberry branches/silkworm excrement 1:9 (w/w)

[23]

4th–7th day/11

Ureibacillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Sporosarcina

Sludge/corn straw 3:1 (w/w)

[57]

3rd–16th day/25

Bacillus sp.

Chicken manure/rice husk (17.3 C/N)

[58]

5th–22nd day/39

Nonomuraea sp., Virgibacillus sp.

Cow manure, mushroom residue, sawdust

[59]

2nd–7th day/11

Bacillus sp.

Sewage sludge/sawdust/ biochar

[68]

Urease

From 6 to 26 days/31

Firmicutes, Proteobacteria

Food waste

[15]

4th–8th week/24

Paenibacillus validus 1VC

Agricultural residue/sawdust 97:3 and 15:85

[54]

4th–16th day/25

Stenotrophomonas, Sinibacillus; Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus

Mulberry branches/silkworm excrement 1:9 (w/w); mulberry branches/cow dung 3:7 (w/w)

[23]

4th–7th day/11

Ureibacillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Sporosarcina

Sludge/corn straw 3:1 (w/w)

[57]

3rd–16th day/25

Bacillus sp.

Chicken manure/rice husk (17.3 C/N)

[58]

2nd–7th day/11

Bacillus sp., Candidatus microthrix

Sewage sludge/sawdust/ biochar

[68]