Effects of cellulase and xylanase on fermentative profile, bacterial diversity, and in vitro degradation of mixed silage of agro-residue and alfalfa

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 2 Effects of additives on fermentative characteristics of silages

Item¹	Treatment²	Day of ensiling						SEM³		P value⁴
Item¹	Treatment²	1	3	5	7	15	30	45		T	D	T × D
pH	C	4.93^A	4.52^B	4.23^B	4.20^B	4.20^A	4.16^A	4.17^A	0.03	0.01	< 0.001	< 0.001
	E	4.90^A	4.67^A	4.25^AB	4.15^C	4.17^B	4.13^B	4.05^B
	X	4.91^A	4.61^AB	4.28^A	4.22^A	4.13^C	4.09^C	4.05^B
	EX	4.92^A	4.66^A	4.26^AB	4.20^B	4.12^C	4.09^C	4.05^B
Lactic acid	C	8.29^B	19.20^A	30.34^A	35.46^A	41.51^A	41.86^A	40.16^A	1.33	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
(g/kg DM)	E	9.23^AB	16.74^B	22.37^B	36.28^A	42.49^A	42.04_A	40.43^A
	X	10.46^A	15.42^C	27.22^A	30.90^B	41.77^A	40.30^A	37.93^B
	EX	9.30^AB	14.12^D	27.89^A	31.93^B	41.89^A	40.84^A	40.23^A
Acetic acid	C	4.39^B	6.19^C	9.38^C	9.81^D	11.74^C	12.35^B	11.72^B	0.04	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
(g/kg DM)	E	3.07^C	5.28^D	8.97^D	10.77^C	12.67^B	13.36^B	12.30^AB
	X	6.37^A	7.10^B	12.32^A	12.49^B	15.56^A	16.13^A	14.40^A
	EX	4.57^B	8.57^A	11.75^B	13.09^A	11.86^C	16.79^A	13.96^AB
Propionic acid	C	0.15^A	0.17^B	0.32^A	0.52^AB	0.71^A	0.76^A	0.86^A	0.03	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
(g/kg DM)	E	0.14^A	0.15^C	0.19^B	0.56^A	0.71^A	0.76^A	0.71^B
	X	0.15^A	0.17^BC	0.30^A	0.26^C	0.36^B	0.75^A	0.52^C
	EX	0.14^A	0.19^A	0.30^A	0.49^B	0.32^B	0.62^A	0.51^C
Butyric acid	C	0.06^A	0.06^A	0.06^A	0.11^A	0.11^A	0.11^AB	0.12^A	0.00	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
(g/kg DM)	E	0.06^B	0.06^AB	0.06^A	0.11^A	0.11^A	0.11^AB	0.10^B
	X	0.06^B	0.06^B	0.06^A	0.06^B	0.06^B	0.11^B	0.10^B
	EX	0.05^C	0.06^B	0.08^A	0.06^B	0.06^B	0.12^A	0.10^B
Ammonia	C	22.58^A	35.35^A	38.14^A	49.21^A	70.25^A	74.59^A	95.13^A	2.80	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
nitrogen	E	12.09^B	25.41^B	31.25^AB	41.38^B	62.39^AB	78.30^A	86.51^B
(g/kg TN)	X	14.93^B	22.35^B	29.81^B	31.46^C	60.49^B	75.06^A	82.34^BC
	EX	14.49^B	20.82^B	22.27^C	30.76^C	59.44^B	74.72^A	77.83^C

^A–DWithin a day of ensiling, groups without a common superscript differed (P < 0.05)
¹DM, dry matter; FW, fresh weight; TN, total nitrogen
²C, control; E, cellulase; X, xylanase; EX, commercial fibrolytic enzymes
³SEM, standard error of mean
⁴T, treatments; D, ensilage days; T × D, interaction between treatments and ensilage days