Effect of community-based soil and water conservation practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi types, spore densities, root colonization, and soil nutrients in the northern highlands of Ethiopia

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 4 Effect of SWC measures on root colonization (mean ± SEM)

Root colonization types	Soil and water conservation measures
Root colonization types	Non-conserved communal grazing lands	Terraces	Exclosures + terraces	Exclosures alone
Total (%)	48.6 ± 3^c	60.5 ± 2^b	68.7 ± 2^a	67.8 ± 4^a
Hyphal (%)	21.2 ± 3^b	28.2 ± 4^b	45.3 ± 4^a	41.1 ± 3^a
Arbuscular (%)	7.1 ± 2^b	7.6 ± 2^b	18.5 ± 1^a	15.9 ± 3^a
Vesicular (%)	4.3 ± 1^b	8.9 ± 3^a	12.4 ± 1^a	12.9 ± 2^a

Means followed by the same letter across each column do not differ significantly at P ≤ 0.05