Bioactivity of Citrus essential oils (CEOs) against microorganisms associated with spoilage of some fruits

Ajayi-Moses, Oluwatayo Benjamin; Ogidi, Clement Olusola; Akinyele, Bamidele Juliet

doi:10.1186/s40538-019-0160-5

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 5 Zones of inhibition of CEOs at 100 mg/ml against some microorganisms isolated from spoilt fruits

From: Bioactivity of Citrus essential oils (CEOs) against microorganisms associated with spoilage of some fruits

	A	B	C	A + B	A + C	B + C	A + B + C	Nystatin
(a) Yeasts
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	8.9 ± 0.3	9.4 ± 0.1	7.3 ± 0.3	12.5 ± 0.5	9.3 ± 0.4	7.9 ± 0.2	12.8 ± 0.3	14.6 ± 0.5
Candida tropicalis	10.4 ± 0.5	9.8 ± 0.2	7.5 ± 0.5	16.5 ± 0.5	11.7 ± 0.5	11.3 ± 0.6	14.7 ± 0.5	16.6 ± 0.6
Candida krusei	13.3 ± 0.2	13.6 ± 0.3	13.3 ± 0.5	16.3 ± 0.3	12.8 ± 0.2	13.7 ± 0.6	16.7 ± 0.5	18.6 ± 0.5
Kluyveromyces marxianus	12.3 ± 0.5	12.3 ± 0.5	12.1 ± 0.2	13.0 ± 1.0	13.2 ± 0.3	12.8 ± 0.3	13.7 ± 0.2	20.0 ± 1.0
Torulopsis fragaria	0.0	0.0	0.0	7.8 ± 0.3	7.5 ± 0.5	7.3 ± 0.3	7.6 ± 0.5	16.7 ± 0.5
Pichia kluyveri	17.6 ± 0.5	15.3 ± 0.5	13.3 ± 0.5	18.3 ± 0.5	16.3 ± 0.2	15.8 ± 0.3	16.5 ± 0.5	17.7 ± 0.5
Pichia fermentans	11.7 ± 0.6	12.7 ± 0.6	10.8 ± 0.2	15.0 ± 1.0	14.3 ± 0.5	14.2 ± 0.5	15.2 ± 0.2	18.3 ± 0.6
Pichia anomala	15.1 ± 0.1	12.3 ± 0.5	10.6 ± 0.3	15.7 ± 0.6	14.5 ± 0.5	13.3 ± 0.5	14.5 ± 0.8	19.7 ± 0.5
Geotrichum candidum	9.7 ± 0.6	10.7 ± 0.2	8.3 ± 0.5	12.0 ± 0.0	9.5 ± 0.8	10.3 ± 0.5	12.7 ± 0.5	18.0 ± 0.0
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii	9.4 ± 0.5	7.2 ± 0.3	5.8 ± 0.2	10.3 ± 0.6	10.0 ± 0.0	8.3 ± 0.5	11.9 ± 0.1	14.7 ± 0.5
Zygosaccharomyces bailii	7.4 ± 0.5	7.9 ± 0.5	6.3 ± 0.2	8.0 ± 0.0	7.3 ± 0.5	9.3 ± 0.6	8.7 ± 0.4	13.7 ± 0.5
(b) Mould
Aspergillus niger	9.3 ± 0.5	8.3 ± 0.5	4.3 ± 0.5	15.7 ± 0.3	9.7 ± 0.5	6.7 ± 0.3	12.1 ± 0.29	15.3 ± 0.2
Aspergillus flavus	8.1 ± 0.3	7.8 ± 1.0	5.5 ± 0.8	13.3 ± 0.7	5.2 ± 0.5	5.0 ± 0.5	11.7 ± 0.58	16.5 ± 0.5
Aspergillus fumigatus	9.0 ± 1.0	8.0 ± 1.0	3.7 ± 0.5	14.8 ± 0.3	10.3 ± 0.6	7.2 ± 0.2	11.8 ± 0.76	17.3 ± 0.5
Aspergillus parasiticus	7.8 ± 0.2	8.2 ± 0.7	7.3 ± 0.6	9.5 ± 0.5	9.3 ± 0.3	9.1 ± 0.7	9.1 ± 0.29	19.1 ± 0.7
Mucor piriformis	17.5 ± 0.0	17.7 ± 0.5	16.3 ± 0.5	22.8 ± 0.2	20.8 ± 0.3	19.6 ± 0.5	20.5 ± 0.50	18.6 ± 0.5
Mucor racemosis	14.6 ± 0.5	13.3 ± 0.3	15.3 ± 0.5	13.8 ± 0.2	15.7 ± 0.7	15.0 ± 0.5	16.0 ± 1.00	18.5 ± 0.5
Alternaria alternata	16.5 ± 0.5	14.7 ± 0.5	15.0 ± 1.0	16.7 ± 0.5	15.6 ± 0.5	15.1 ± 0.3	17.7 ± 0.58	20.3 ± 0.5
Fusarium avenaceum	6.1 ± 0.2	5.3 ± 0.5	0.0	8.5 ± 0.5	6.3 ± 0.5	0.0	8.3 ± 0.29	15.3 ± 0.5
Fusarium oxysporum	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19.3 ± 0.5
Fusarium solani	4.6 ± 0.5	5.7 ± 0.5	4.2 ± 0.3	9.5 ± 0.5	8.7 ± 0.5	8.3 ± 0.5	10.7 ± 0.5	21.6 ± 0.5
Penicillium digitatum	21.3 ± 0.5	21.0 ± 1.0	17.3 ± 0.6	23.7 ± 0.5	18.6 ± 0.5	18.0 ± 0.5	23.2 ± 0.2	17.6 ± 0.5
Penicillium expansum	18.9 ± 0.5	18.7 ± 0.5	17.3 ± 0.6	19.7 ± 0.2	18.8 ± 0.7	18.3 ± 0.2	20.7 ± 0.5	16.5 ± 0.8
Rhizopus oryzae	11.7 ± 0.5	12.5 ± 0.5	6.8 ± 0.7	14.7 ± 0.5	9.8 ± 0.7	9.8 ± 0.2	14.3 ± 0.5	19.3 ± 0.5
Rhizopus stolonifer	12.3 ± 0.5	11.3 ± 0.5	8.5 ± 0.5	15.0 ± 1.0	9.5 ± 0.5	9.8 ± 0.3	15.3 ± 0.5	18.7 ± 0.5
(c) Bacteria
Bacillus cereus	14.6 ± 0.3	14.6 ± 0.5	7.6 ± 0.5	17.1 ± 0.2	15.3 ± 0.5	15.1 ± 0.2	16.7 ± 0.5	19.1 ± 0.1
Bacillus subtilis	18.2 ± 0.2	17.5 ± 0.5	16.3 ± 0.5	26.8 ± 0.2	20.3 ± 0.5	19.3 ± 0.5	24.3 ± 0.6	20.3 ± 0.5
Micrococcus luteus	15.3 ± 0.5	13.6 ± 0.5	10.6 ± 0.5	14.3 ± 0.5	12.6 ± 0.5	12.3 ± 0.2	16.7 ± 0.5	18.3 ± 0.5
Serratia marcescens	8.7 ± 0.5	8.3 ± 0.5	7.6 ± 0.5	11.6 ± 0.5	11.3 ± 0.5	11.3 ± 0.5	12.3 ± 0.8	17.3 ± 0.5
Lactobacillus plantarum	6.6 ± 0.5	4.3 ± 0.5	3.3 ± 0.5	9.8 ± 0.7	5.3 ± 0.5	5.3 ± 0.5	8.3 ± 0.5	17.3 ± 0.2
Streptococcus uberis	17.1 ± 0.2	16.1 ± 0.2	13.1 ± 0.3	16.8 ± 0.5	15.5 ± 0.5	13.7 ± 0.5	16.7 ± 0.5	19.6 ± 0.5
Proteus vulgaris	16.1 ± 0.2	16.5 ± 0.1	16.2 ± 0.2	16.8 ± 0.2	16.3 ± 0.5	15.1 ± 0.2	19.3 ± 0.5	18.5 ± 0.5
Streptococcus agalactiae	18.8 ± 0.5	15.6 ± 0.5	14.5 ± 0.5	17.8 ± 0.7	17.6 ± 0.2	17.1 ± 0.2	19.1 ± 0.2	16.6 ± 0.5
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	14.6 ± 0.2	15.5 ± 0.5	11.6 ± 0.2	16.8 ± 0.2	14.4 ± 0.5	15.4 ± 0.2	16.0 ± 0.0	15.7 ± 0.8
Erwinia cacticida	11.3 ± 0.6	11.3 ± 0.5	9.0 ± 1.0	12.1 ± 0.2	11.5 ± 0.5	11.6 ± 0.2	11.8 ± 0.2	18.3 ± 0.5

A—lime essential oil, B—lemon essential oil, C—grapefruit essential oil

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