Table 1 Mean pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and CaCO3 equivalence (CCE) in charcoal and firewood ash from five cities in southern Ghana as well as concentration of trace elements; probability values of a two-way ANOVA using ash type and city as factors
From: Characterization of charcoal and firewood ash for use in African peri-urban agriculture
Charcoal | Firewood | SD | Probability values | CV (± %) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ash type | City | Ash type × city | |||||
pH-H2O | 13.0 | 12.8 | 0.3 | 0.02 | NS | NS | 2.0 |
EC1:5 (dS m−1) | 46 | 33 | 14 | 0.01 | 0.04 | NS | 29 |
CCE (%) | 52 | 45 | 7 | < 0.01 | 0.02 | NS | 12 |
As (µg g−1) | 1.7 | 7.7 | 8.0 | 0.03 | NS | NS | 167 |
Cd (µg g−1) | 3.1 | 4.1 | 2.0 | NS | NS | 0.03 | 55 |
Cu (µg g−1) | 48 | 65 | 26 | 0.04 | 0.04 | NS | 47 |
Mn (µg g−1) | 645 | 688 | 374 | NS | < 0.01 | NS | 56 |
Hg (ng g−1) | 1.8 | 1.0 | 1.7 | NS | NS | NS | 121 |
Ni (µg g−1) | 317 | 253 | 167 | NS | NS | 0.01 | 60 |
Pb (µg g−1) | 1310 | 1130 | 720 | NS | NS | 0.02 | 58 |
Zn (µg g−1) | 218 | 357 | 196 | 0.01 | < 0.01 | NS | 68 |