Table 2 Definition of the research variables
From: Adoption of pro-environmental behaviors among farmers: application of Value–Belief–Norm theory
Variables | Definitions |
|---|---|
Social norms | Farmers’ perception of social pressures and expectations to perform pro-environmental behaviors related to healthy crop production |
Environmental affections | Negative or positive feeling towards the environment and empathy with nature, as well as creating emotional relationship with nature and the environment |
Moral norms | Farmers’ self-expectation of performing pro-environmental activities in a special situation (non-use of chemicals) as a feeling of moral obligation |
Environmental responsibility for soil management | Attributing pro-environmental behavior to protect and strengthen soil to him/herself |
Awareness of environmental consequences | People’s awareness level of adverse effects of their activities (using chemicals in agriculture) on themselves and the others |
Perceived behavioral control of clean technology | People’s perception of their control level on needed resources of pro-environmental behaviors and avoiding non-environmental behaviors to produce healthy crop |
Attitude toward the environment | A complicated and multidimensional concept including negative and positive senses on the environment and a mental state which affects people’s selections related to the environment |
Pro-environmental behavior (Adoption) | It refers to farmers’ decisions in order to accept and utilize modern and clean technologies in their agricultural lands in accordance with environmental protection |
Continue to produce clean technology | It means that the adopters continue the process of compost production as a clean technology in their future croplands |