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Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 3 Cumulative loss of fertilizer nitrogen in soil and percentage of cumulative loss of fertilizer nitrogen in nitrogen application after the 65 d experiment

From: Application of biochar-coated urea controlled loss of fertilizer nitrogen and increased nitrogen use efficiency

Fertilization treatments

Amount of N fertilization (mg/kg)

Leaching loss of fertilizer-N (mg/kg)

NH3 volatilization of fertilizer-N (mg/kg)

Total loss of fertilizer-N (mg/kg)

Percentage (%)

Total N

NH4+–N

NO3−–N

U1

200

71.69

4.10

52.69

4.87

76.56

38.28

U2

160

61.31

3.57

47.39

3.91

65.22

40.76

U1 + B

200

68.61

3.70

49.18

3.17

71.78

35.89

U2 + B

160

51.44

3.25

37.76

2.65

54.08

33.80

BCU1

200

43.47

2.37

40.68

8.24

51.70

25.85

BCU2

160

36.60

1.7

33.74

6.47

43.08

26.92

BCU1 + B

200

35.01

1.30

32.52

6.97

41.98

20.99

  1. Amount of N fertilization: only nitrogen as application of urea or biochar-coated urea is considered due to very little nitrogen in biochar
  2. Loss of N fertilizer = Fertilization treatment–CK
  3. Total loss of fertilizer-N = Leaching loss of total N + NH3 volatilization loss
  4. %- Percentage of loss of fertilizer nitrogen in nitrogen application
  5. U1,urea at 100% N rate; U2, urea at 80% N rate; U1 + B, biochar combined with urea at 100% N rate; U2 + B, biochar combined with urea at 80% N rate; BCU1, biochar-coated urea at 100% N rate; BCU2, biochar-coated urea at 80% N rate; BCU1 + B, biochar combined with biochar-coated urea at 100% N rate
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