Table 4 The chemical composition of essential oil of Rosa × damascena collected from five different sites of Kashan region of Iran

1

Heptanal

899

852

-

-

0.26 ± 0.00^a

-

-

C₇H₁₄O

2

1S-α-Pinene

942

881

0.33 ± 0.00^b

-

-

-

0.48 ± 0.01^a

C₁₀H₁₆

3

α-pinene

964

882

-

0.48 ± 0.01^c

0.88 ± 0.01 ^a

0.82 ± 0.01^b

-

C₁₀H₁₆

4

β-pinene

991

921

0.14 ± 0.00^b

0.13 ± 0.01 ^c

0.22 ± 0.01 ^a

0.23 ± 0.00 ^a

0.15 ± 0.01 ^b

C₁₀H₁₆

5

β-Myrcene

1054

930

0.24 ± 0.01 ^b

0.14 ± 0.01 ^e

0.30 ± 0.01 ^a

0.21 ± 0.00^c

0.16 ± 0.01 ^d

C₁₀H₁₆

6

γ-Terpinene

1095

980

0.08 ± 0.017^a

-

-

-

-

C₁₀H₁₆

7

Linalool

1106

1026

1.91 ± 0.03^b

-

2.49 ± 0.03^a

-

-

C₁₀H₁₈O

8

cis-Rose oxide

1122

1027

-

1.05 ± 0.01^b

-

0.85 ± 0.03^c

1.70 ± 0.00^a

C₁₀H₁₈O

9

trans-Rose oxide

1150

1039

-

0.14 ± 0.01 ^d

0.27 ± 0.01 ^b

0.20 ± 0.03^c

0.36 ± 0.00 ^a

C₁₀H₁₈O

10

Phenylethyl alcohol

1154

1058

0.70 ± 0.01 ^b

0.78 ± 0.02 ^a

-

-

-

C₈H₁₀O

11

Nerol oxide

1174

1061

-

-

-

-

0.46 ± 0.02 ^a

C₁₀H₁₆O

12

Terpinen-4-ol

1186

1085

0.37 ± 0.01^b

-

0.50 ± 0.00 ^a

-

0.31 ± 0.02^c

C₁₀H₁₈O

13

α-Terpineol

1223

1099

0.47 ± 0.00 ^a

-

0.42 ± 0.01^b

-

0.29 ± 0.00^c

C₁₀H₁₈O

14

Citronellol

1249

1123

17.39 ± 0.00 ^d

22.08 ± 0.00 ^c

36.70 ± 0.01^a

9.18 ± 0.00 ^e

30.99 ± 0.01 ^b

C₁₀H₂₀O

15

Geraniol

1264

1138

12.82 ± 0.01 ^a

4.93 ± 0.01 ^c

9.35 ± 0.01 ^b

0.47 ± 0.01 ^e

3.59 ± 0.01^d

C₁₀H₁₈O

16

Geranial

1235

1143

1.21 ± 0.00^a

0.69 ± 0.02^b

-

-

-

C₁₀H₁₆O

17

Neral

1170

1144

-

-

1.37 ± 0.01^a

-

-

C₁₀H₁₆O

18

Lavandulol

1321

1147

-

-

-

-

0.44 ± 0.02 ^a

C₁₀H₁₈O

19

trans-Geranic acid methyl ester

1346

1174

-

-

-

-

0.21 ± 0.00 ^a

C₁₁H₁₈O₂

20

2,6-Octadiene, 2,6-dimethyl-

1383

1188

0.24 ± 0.01^e

0.73 ± 0.00 ^a

0.48 ± 0.00 ^d

0.64 ± 0.01 ^c

0.67 ± 0.00 ^b

C₁₀H₁₈

21

Geranyl acetate

1356

1201

-

-

0.42 ±  ± 0.00 ^a

-

-

C₁₂H₂₀O₂

22

Eugenol

1384

1210

5.33 ± 0.02 ^a

2.26 ± 0.01 ^b

1.04 ± 0.00 ^d

-

1.38 ± 0.00^c

C₁₀H₁₂O₂

23

(-)-β-Bourbonene

1388

1211

-

-

-

0.52 ± 0.00 ^a

-

C₁₅H₂₄

24

β-Elemene

1355

1215

-

-

0.55 ± 0.00 ^c

0.77 ± 0.01 ^a

0.61 ± 0.01 ^b

C₁₅H₂₄

25

Geranic acid

1399

1223

0. 93 ± 0.01 ^a

0.79 ± 0.02 ^b

-

-

0.37 ± 0.01 ^c

C₁₀H₁₆O₂

26

Methyleugenol

1420

1230

-

1.08 ± 0.00 ^b

-

0.78 ± 0.00 ^c

5.95 ± 0.00 ^a

C₁₁H₁₄O₂

27

Caryophyllene

1433

1232

2.42 ± 0.00 ^b

1.18 ± 0.01 ^d

2.52 ± 0.00 ^a

1.89 ± 0.00 ^c

-

C₁₅H₂₄

28

α-Guaiene

1452

1241

1.04 ± 0.00 ^c

0.66 ± 0.01 ^e

0.97 ± 0.01 ^d

2.12 ± 0.03 ^a

1.55 ± 0.02 ^b

C₁₅H₂₄

29

α-Humulene

1474

1254

0.97 ± 0.01^c

0.49 ± 0.00 ^e

0.72 ± 0.01 ^d

1.46 ± 0.01 ^a

1.06 ± 0.00 ^b

C₁₅H₂₄

30

Germacrene D

1505

1270

2.61 ± 0.02 ^c

1.70 ± 0.01 ^e

2.22 ± 0.03 ^d

3.32 ± 0.01 ^b

3.95 ± 0.01 ^a

C₁₅H₂₄

31

δ-Guaiene

1508

1281

1.36 ± 0.02^c

0.89 ± 0.014

1.29 ± 0.01^d

2.81 ± 0.00 ^a

2.12 ± 0.00 ^b

C₁₅H₂₄

32

δ-Cadinene

1557

1292

0.19 ± 0.00 ^c

-

-

0.21 ± 0.01 ^b

0.26 ± 0.01 ^a

C₁₅H₂₄

33

E-Nerolidol

1563

1317

0.14 ± 0.00 ^a

-

-

-

-

C₁₅H₂₆O

34

Hexadecane

1580

1327

0.07 ± 0.01 ^b

-

-

0.16 ± 0.02 ^a

0.18 ± 0.00 ^a

C₁₆H₃₄

35

Dodecanoic acid = lauric acid

1635

1336

0.55 ± 0.01 ^a

-

-

-

0.43 ± 0.01 ^b

C₁₂H₂₄O₂

36

γ-Eudesmol

1670

1362

0.16 ± 0.01 ^b

-

0.32 ± 0.00 ^a

-

-

C₁₅H₂₆O

37

8-Heptadecene

1652

1370

0.46 ± 0.02 ^b

0.40 ± 0.01^c

0.28 ± 0.02 ^e

0.30 ± 0.01 ^d

0.59 ± 0.01 ^a

C₁₇H₃₄

38

α-Eudesmol

1632

1376

-

-

0.57 ± 0.02 ^a

-

-

C₁₅H₂₆O

39

τ-Muurolol

1695

1377

0.42 ± 0.00 ^c

0.31 ± 0.02 ^a

-

0.30 ± 0.01 ^a

0.34 ± 0.00 ^b

C₁₅H₂₆O

40

Heptadecane

1747

1382

1.72 ± 0.01 ^d

2.00 ± 0.00 ^c

1.06 ± 0.00 ^e

2.28 ± 0.01 ^b

3.10 ± 0.00 ^a

C₁₇H₃₆

41

Farnesol

1711

1393

-

-

1.83 ± 0.00 ^a

-

-

C₁₅H₂₆O

42

Pentadecanal-

1137

1395

0.20 ± 0.01 ^a

-

-

0.16 ± 0.01 ^b

-

C₁₅H₃₀O

43

(1R)-( +)-Nopinone

1723

1397

-

-

-

-

0.20 ± 0.03 ^a

C₉H₁₄O

44

trans-Farnesol

1795

1405

1.19 ± 0.00 ^b

0.56 ± 0.01 ^a

-

-

-

C₁₅H₂₆O

45

1-Octadecene

1795

1423

0.26 ± 0.01 ^a

-

-

-

-

C₁₈H₃₆

46

9-Octadecene, (E)-

1796

1425

-

-

-

-

0.20 ± 0.01 ^a

C₁₈H₃₆

47

Octadecane

1769

1435

0.21 ± 0.00 ^d

0.28 ± 0.02 ^c

0.17 ± 0.01 ^e

0.47 ± 0.01 ^a

0.32 ± 0.02 ^b

C₁₈H₃₈

48

Tetradecanoic acid = myristic acid

1606

1442

0.96 ± 0.02 ^a

-

-

-

0.20 ± 0.01 ^b

C₁₄H₂₈O₂

49

Tetradecanal

1885

1450

0.15 ± 0.00 ^a

-

-

-

-

C₁₄H₂₈O

50

1-Nonadecene

2065

1475

3.93 ± 0.01 ^d

6.03 ± 0.01 ^a

2.72 ± 0.00^e

4.65 ± 0.01 ^c

4.81 ± 0.01 ^b

C₁₉H₃₈

51

Nonadecane

1489

11.65 ± 0.01 ^d

19.54 ± 0.01 ^b

10.36 ± 0.01 ^e

22.73 ± 0.02 ^a

16.60 ± 0.01 ^c

C₁₉H₄₀

52

3-Eicosene, (E)-

2002

1525

0.20 ± 0.01 ^c

0.38 ± 0.01 ^a

-

0.33 ± 0.01 ^b

0.22 ± 0.00 ^c

C₂₀H₄₀

53

Eicosane

1975

1538

1.85 ± 0.00 ^e

4.00 ± 0.00^b

3.04 ± 0.00 ^c

5.01 ± 0.00 ^a

2.49 ± 0.03 ^d

C₂₀H₄₂

54

Hexadecanoic acid

2833

1544

2.30 ± 0.00^a

-

-

-

-

C₁₆H₃₂O₂

55

Hexacosanal

1900

1554

-

-

-

0.18 ± 0.02 ^a

-

C₂₆H₅₂O

56

Oxirane, hexadecyl-

2219

1555

0.20 ± 0.01 ^a

-

-

-

-

C₁₈H₃₆O

57

Eicosanal-

2989

1557

-

-

-

0.31 ± 0.00 ^a

0.12 ± 0.00 ^b

C₂₀H₄₀O

58

Henicos-1-ene

2108

1584

0. 76 ± 0.00 ^c

1.13 ± 0.01 ^a

0.19 ± 0.01 ^e

0.94 ± 0.01 ^b

0.28 ± 0.02 ^d

C₂₁H₄₂

59

Heneicosane

1985

1591

17.3 ± 0.02 ^c

22.11 ± 0.01 ^b

14.92 ± 0.01 ^d

31.7 ± 0.01 ^a

11.43 ± 0.01 ^e

C₂₁H₄₄

60

1,19-Eicosadiene

2113

1600

0.33 ± 0.01 ^a

0.16 ± 0.00 ^b

-

-

-

C₂₀H₃₈

61

3,7-Dimethyloct-6-en-1-yl decanoate

2122

1601

-

-

-

-

0.23 ± 0.04 ^a

C₂₀H₃₈O₂

62

Phytol

2159

1604

0.37 ± 0.02^a

-

-

-

-

C₂₀H₄₀O

63

Linoleic acid ethyl ester

2169

1623

-

-

-

0.12 ± 0.02 ^a

-

C₂₀H₃₆O₂

64

Linolenic acid, ethyl ester

2141

1628

-

-

0.35 ± 0.03 ^a

-

C₂₀H₃₄O₂

65

trans-Oleic acid

2142

1631

-

-

0.77 ± 0.01 ^a

-

-

C₁₈H₃₄O₂

66

Cyclopropaneoctanal, 2-octyl-

2143

1632

-

-

-

0.37 ± 0.00 ^a

-

C₁₉H₃₆O

67

Linolenic acid

2198

1634

1.85 ± 0.01 ^a

0.87 ± 0.01 ^b

-

-

0.42 ± 0.00 ^c

C₁₈H₃₀O₂

68

Docosane

1637

1.11 ± 0.02 ^b

0.96 ± 0.01 ^c

0.81 ± 0.00 ^d

1.27 ± 0.00 ^a

0.44 ± 0.03 ^e

C₂₂H₄₆

69

Bicyclo[10.8.0]eicosane, cis-

2274

1656

-

-

-

0.28 ± 0.02 ^a

-

C₂₀H₃₈

70

9-Tricosene, (Z)-

2619

1683

0.66 ± 0.00 ^c

0.78 ± 0.00 ^b

-

1.18 ± 0.01 ^a

0.21 ± 0.02 ^d

C₂₃H₄₆

71

Succinic acid, di(3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-yl) ester

2015

1696

-

-

-

0.45 ± 0.03 ^a

-

C₂₄H₄₂O₄

72

3,7-Dimethyloct-6-en-1-yl nonanoate

899

1698

-

0.29 ± 0.00 ^a

-

-

0.15 ± 0.00 ^a

C₁₉H₃₆O₂

Total

97.57

99.87

99.06

100

100

Monoterpenes hydrocarbons

1.03

1.48

0.48

1.9

1.46

Oxygenated monoterpenes

32.26

29.16

51.1

10.7

38.35

Sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons

8.59

4.92

8.27

13.1

9.55

Oxygenated sesquiterpenes

2.11

0.56

2.72

0.30

0.34

Others

53.58

63.75

36.04

70.02

50.32