Chemical components of essential oils and biological activities of the aqueous extract of Anethum graveolens L. grown under inorganic and organic conditions

Ozliman, Sedef; Yaldiz, Gulsum; Camlica, Mahmut; Ozsoy, Nurten

doi:10.1186/s40538-021-00224-9

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 4 Antioxidant activities as DPPH, ABTS, SOD, TEAC and FRAP of A. graveolens infusion, decoction and essential oil (%)

From: Chemical components of essential oils and biological activities of the aqueous extract of Anethum graveolens L. grown under inorganic and organic conditions

Treatments	DPPH			ABTS			SOD			TEAC (mM) 10 mg mL⁻¹		TEAC (mM)	FRAP (mM) 10 mg mL⁻¹		FRAP (mM)
Treatments	Infusion EC₅₀ (10 mg mL⁻¹)	Decoction EC₅₀ (10 mg mL⁻¹)	Essential oil EC₅₀ (mg 10 µl⁻¹)	Infusion EC₅₀ (10 mg mL⁻¹)	Decoction EC₅₀ (10 mg mL⁻¹)	Essential oil EC₅₀ (mg 10 µl⁻¹)	Infusion EC₅₀ (10 mg mL⁻¹)	Decoction EC₅₀ (10 mg mL⁻¹)	Essential oil EC₅₀ (mg 10 µl⁻¹)	Infusion	Decoction	Essential oil	Infusion	Decoction	Essential oil
Control	3.70 ± 0.14^e	3.31 ± 0.20^f	4.13 ± 0.08^d	3.91 ± 0.05^e	3.76 ± 0.21^e	2.14 ± 0.04^f	3.59 ± 0.17^de	3.41 ± 0.22^d	3.89 ± 0.02^c	1.88 ± 0.03^b	1.93 ± 0.02^c	2.04 ± 0.01^a	2.08 ± 0.01^a	1.84 ± 0.03^c	0.28 ± 0.01^ef
30 kg ha⁻¹ AN	4.82 ± 0.18^bc	3.79 ± 0.16^e	4.61 ± 0.13^c	4.75 ± 0.15^d	4.28 ± 0.21^d	2.34 ± 0.23^e	4.34 ± 0.15^b	3.84 ± 0.04^b	4.50 ± 0.03^c	1.83 ± 0.05^c	1.85 ± 0.02^e	1.86 ± 0.06^c	1.73 ± 0.02^d	1.51 ± 0.01^ef	0.89 ± 0.01^d
60 kg ha⁻¹ AN	2.27 ± 0.10^f	3.30 ± 0.19^f	5.10 ± 0.09^b	2.63 ± 0.11^g	3.36 ± 0.03^f	3.68 ± 0.07^c	2.42 ± 0.11^f	3.76 ± 0.09^bc	3.82 ± 0.06^d	2.01 ± 0.03^a	1.97 ± 0.04^b	1.78 ± 0.01^d	1.98 ± 0.01^b	2.16 ± 0.02^a	0.26 ± 0.00^ef
90 kg ha⁻¹ AN	6.30 ± 0.29^a	4.58 ± 0.14^c	5.86 ± 0.05^a	6.36 ± 0.07^a	4.61 ± 0.27^bc	5.41 ± 0.31^a	5.20 ± 0.15^a	4.35 ± 0.20^a	5.25 ± 0.09^a	1.39 ± 0.03^f	1.82 ± 0.03^e	1.51 ± 0.01^f	1.30 ± 0.02ı	1.54 ± 0.03^e	0.26 ± 0.01^ef
120 kg ha⁻¹ AN	3.75 ± 0.12^e	2.39 ± 0.12^g	3.79 ± 0.02^e	3.61 ± 0.08^f	2.72 ± 0.11^g	4.24 ± 0.09^b	3.62 ± 0.17^de	2.49 ± 0.10^e	3.90 ± 0.13^d	1.73 ± 0.06^d	2.06 ± 0.01^a	1.70 ± 0.02^e	1.69 ± 0.01^e	2.16 ± 0.02^a	0.25 ± 0.01^f
7.5 t ha⁻¹ FYM	3.86 ± 0.15^de	4.36 ± 0.04^d	2.69 ± 0.05^f	3.87 ± 0.13^e	4.39 ± 0.20^cd	2.93 ± 0.14^d	3.48 ± 0.37^e	3.80 ± 0.05^bc	2.31 ± 0.09^e	2.04 ± 0.02^a	1.81 ± 0.01^e	1.92 ± 0.01^b	1.95 ± 0.03^c	1.54 ± 0.01^e	1.37 ± 0.01^c
10 t ha⁻¹ FYM	4.03 ± 0.16^d	4.23 ± 0.04^d	1.73 ± 0.18^g	5.72 ± 0.10^b	4.22 ± 0.17^d	1.47 ± 0.05^g	4.34 ± 0.30^b	3.66 ± 0.13^c	1.78 ± 0.05^f	1.56 ± 0.02^e	1.84 ± 0.02^e	2.07 ± 0.02^a	1.52 ± 0.01^g	1.76 ± 0.02^d	1.59 ± 0.08^b
12.5 t ha⁻¹ FYM	4.63 ± 0.07^c	5.36 ± 0.07^a	3.94 ± 0.16^e	4.97 ± 0.02^c	5.20 ± 0.04^a	2.29 ± 0.01^ef	3.90 ± 0.05^c	3.34 ± 0.07^d	4.45 ± 0.07^c	1.76 ± 0.03^d	1.63 ± 0.05^f	1.75 ± 0.01^d	1.56 ± 0.03^f	1.36 ± 0.02^g	0.28 ± 0.01^e
15 t ha⁻¹ FYM	4.93 ± 0.19^b	4.86 ± 0.20^b	4.74 ± 0.04^c	4.97 ± 0.25^c	4.78 ± 0.02^b	2.20e ± 0.05^f	3.77 ± 0.07^cd	4.35 ± 0.04^a	4.80 ± 0.07^b	1.77 ± 0.05^d	1.89 ± 0.04^d	1.67 ± 0.01^e	1.51 ± 0.00^h	1.50 ± 0.01^f	0.24 ± 0.01^f
Gallic acid	0.02 ± 0.00^g	0.02 ± 0.00^h	0.02 ± 0.00^h	0.029 ± 0.00^h	0.029 ± 0.00^h	0.029 ± 0.00^h	0.028 ± 0.01^g	0.028 ± 0.01^f	0.028 ± 0.01^g	2.051 ± 0.00^a	2.051 ± 0.00^a	2.051 ± 0.00^a	2.078 ± 0.02^a	2.078 ± 0.02^b	2.078 ± 0.02^a

AN Ammonium nitrate, FYM Farmyard Manure, DPPH 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, ABTS 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, SOD Superoxide radical scavenging activity, TEAC Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, FRAP Ferric reducing antioxidant power
Values were the means of three replicates. Values with different letters in the same column were significantly (p < 0.05) different
EC₅₀ value: The effective concentration at which the antioxidant activity was 50%; DPPH, ABTS and SOD were scavenged by 50%; Expressed as mM ferrous ions eqivalents. Determined at 10 mg ml⁻¹

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