Table 5 ANOVA and regression coefficients of the response surface models
Response | Source | Sum of square | df | Mean square | Value F | Prob F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Z-average (nm) | Model | 1.342 | 9 | 1.491 | 18.04 | < 0.0001*** |
\(x\)1 | 3.082 | 1 | 3.082 | 37.29 | 0.0001*** | |
\(x\)2 | 444.97 | 1 | 444.97 | 0.0538 | 0.8212 ns | |
\(x\)3 | 7.247 | 1 | 7.247 | 87.70 | < 0.0001*** | |
\(x\)1 \(x\)2 | 2738.00 | 1 | 2738.00 | 0.3313 | 0.5776 ns | |
\(x\)1 \(x\)3 | 1.670E + 05 | 1 | 1.670E + 05 | 20.21 | 0.0012*** | |
\(x\)2 \(x\)3 | 2048.00 | 1 | 2048.00 | 0.2478 | 0.6294 ns | |
\(x\)12 | 40,631.24 | 1 | 40,631.24 | 4.92 | 0.0509 ns | |
\(x\)22 | 731.42 | 1 | 731.42 | 0.0885 | 0.7722 ns | |
\(x\)32 | 77,253.84 | 1 | 77,253.84 | 9.35 | 0.0121** | |
Lack of fit | 67,411.10 | 5 | 13,482.22 | 4.43 | 0.0641 ns | |
Pure error | 15,225.50 | 5 | 3045.10 | |||
PDI | Model | 1.49 | 9 | 0.1656 | 20.49 | < 0.0001*** |
\(x\)1 | 0.0781 | 1 | 0.0781 | 9.67 | 0.0111** | |
\(x\)2 | 0.0244 | 1 | 0.0244 | 3.01 | 0.1132 ns | |
\(x\)3 | 1.20 | 1 | 1.20 | 148.12 | < 0.0001*** | |
\(x\)1 \(x\)2 | 0.0136 | 1 | 0.0136 | 1.68 | 0.2235 ns | |
\(x\)1 \(x\)3 | 0.0903 | 1 | 0.0903 | 11.17 | 0.0075*** | |
\(x\)2 \(x\)3 | 0.0153 | 1 | 0.0153 | 1.89 | 0.1987 ns | |
\(x\)12 | 0.0005 | 1 | 0.0005 | 0.0568 | 0.8165 ns | |
\(x\)22 | 0.0054 | 1 | 0.0054 | 0.6640 | 0.4341 ns | |
\(x\)32 | 0.0204 | 1 | 0.0204 | 2.52 | 0.1434 ns | |
Lack of fit | 0.0663 | 5 | 0.0133 | 4.55 | 0.0608 ns | |
Pure error | 0.0146 | 5 | 0.0029 | |||
Zeta potential (mV) | Model | 3428.59 | 3 | 1142.86 | 50.95 | < 0.0001*** |
\(x\)1 | 141.25 | 1 | 141.25 | 6.30 | 0.0232** | |
\(x\)2 | 125.03 | 1 | 125.03 | 5.57 | 0.0313** | |
\(x\)3 | 3162.31 | 1 | 3162.31 | 140.98 | < 0.0001*** | |
Lack of fit | 316.77 | 11 | 28.80 | 3.42 | 0.0928 ns | |
Pure error | 42.13 | 5 | 8.43 | |||
Creaming index (%) | Model | 711.92 | 9 | 79.10 | 42.50 | < 0.0001*** |
\(x\)1 | 0.4944 | 1 | 0.4944 | 0.2657 | 0.6175 ns | |
\(x\)2 | 1.13 | 1 | 1.13 | 0.6075 | 0.4538 ns | |
\(x\)3 | 644.24 | 1 | 644.24 | 346.18 | < 0.0001*** | |
\(x\)1 \(x\)2 | 2.20 | 1 | 2.20 | 1.18 | 0.3019 ns | |
\(x\)1 \(x\)3 | 0.8450 | 1 | 0.8450 | 0.4541 | 0.5157 ns | |
\(x\)2 \(x\)3 | 0.3200 | 1 | 0.3200 | 0.1720 | 0.6871 ns | |
\(x\)12 | 0.3887 | 1 | 0.3887 | 0.2089 | 0.6574 ns | |
\(x\)22 | 0.0003 | 1 | 0.0003 | 0.0002 | 0.9893 ns | |
\(x\)32 | 4.96 | 1 | 4.96 | 2.67 | 0.1335 ns | |
Lack of fit | 11.98 | 5 | 2.40 | 1.81 | 0.2662 ns | |
Pure error | 6.63 | 5 | 1.33 | |||
Interfacial tension (mN/m) | Model | 114.71 | 9 | 12.75 | 31.93 | < 0.0001*** |
\(x\)1 | 33.48 | 1 | 33.48 | 83.88 | < 0.0001*** | |
\(x\)2 | 0.0136 | 1 | 0.0136 | 0.0341 | 0.8572 ns | |
\(x\)3 | 40.57 | 1 | 40.57 | 101.64 | < 0.0001*** | |
\(x\)1 \(x\)2 | 0.5050 | 1 | 0.5050 | 1.27 | 0.2869 ns | |
\(x\)1 \(x\)3 | 3.37 | 1 | 3.37 | 8.44 | 0.0157** | |
\(x\)2 \(x\)3 | 0.1275 | 1 | 0.1275 | 0.3195 | 0.5844 ns | |
\(x\)12 | 0.1249 | 1 | 0.1249 | 0.3128 | 0.5883 ns | |
\(x\)22 | 0.7904 | 1 | 0.7904 | 1.98 | 0.1897 ns | |
\(x\)32 | 5.82 | 1 | 5.82 | 14.57 | 0.0034*** | |
Lack of fit | 2.28 | 5 | 0.4556 | 1.33 | 0.3811 ns | |
Pure error | 1.71 | 5 | 0.3427 | |||
Encapsulation efficiency of primary emulsion (%) | Model | 2737.27 | 9 | 304.14 | 127.47 | < 0.0001*** |
\(x\)1 | 108.01 | 1 | 108.01 | 45.27 | < 0.0001*** | |
\(x\)2 | 1.13 | 1 | 1.13 | 0.4738 | 0.5069 ns | |
\(x\)3 | 2251.85 | 1 | 2251.85 | 943.79 | < 0.0001*** | |
\(x\)1 \(x\)2 | 10.81 | 1 | 10.81 | 4.53 | 0.0592 ns | |
\(x\)1 \(x\)3 | 22.11 | 1 | 22.11 | 9.27 | 0.0124** | |
\(x\)2 \(x\)3 | 0.0112 | 1 | 0.0112 | 0.0047 | 0.9466 ns | |
\(x\)12 | 0.3488 | 1 | 0.3488 | 0.1462 | 0.7102 ns | |
\(x\)22 | 0.6270 | 1 | 0.6270 | 0.2628 | 0.6193 ns | |
\(x\)32 | 15.68 | 1 | 15.68 | 6.57 | 0.0282** | |
Lack of fit | 15.43 | 5 | 3.09 | 1.83 | 0.2615 ns | |
Pure error | 8.43 | 5 | 1.69 | |||
Encapsulation efficiency of double emulsion (%) | Model | 1913.19 | 9 | 212.58 | 93.32 | < 0.0001*** |
\(x\)1 | 48.48 | 1 | 48.48 | 21.28 | 0.0010*** | |
\(x\)2 | 25.42 | 1 | 25.42 | 11.16 | 0.0075*** | |
\(x\)3 | 1383.69 | 1 | 1383.69 | 607.41 | < 0.0001*** | |
\(x\)1 \(x\)2 | 0.4050 | 1 | 0.4050 | 0.1778 | 0.6822 ns | |
\(x\)1 \(x\)3 | 0.1250 | 1 | 0.1250 | 0.0549 | 0.8195 ns | |
\(x\)2 \(x\)3 | 8.41 | 1 | 8.41 | 3.69 | 0.0837 ns | |
\(x\)12 | 0.3332 | 1 | 0.3332 | 0.1463 | 0.7101 ns | |
\(x\)22 | 1.61 | 1 | 1.61 | 0.7063 | 0.4203 ns | |
\(x\)32 | 36.91 | 1 | 36.91 | 16.20 | 0.0024*** | |
Lack of fit | 15.72 | 5 | 3.14 | 2.23 | 0.2001 ns | |
Pure error | 7.06 | 5 | 1.41 |