Table 6 Comparison between theoretical and experimental results at the optimum condition predicted by the model
Parameter | Theoretical | Experimental | Goal | Lower limit | Upper limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gum concentration (%) | 1 | 1 | In range | 0 | 2 |
Surfactant concentration (%) | 1.125 | 1.125 | In range | 0.25 | 2 |
Storage time (day) | 25 | 25 | In range | 0 | 50 |
Z-average (nm) | 433.42 | 432.27 | Min. | 214 | 1232 |
PDI | 0.81 | 0.82 | Min. | 0.31 | 1.47 |
Zeta potential (mV) | − 36.66 | − 36.45 | Min. | − 63.2 | − 11.3 |
Creaming index (%) | 4.90 | 5.12 | Min. | 0 | 19.20 |
Interfacial tension (mN/m) | 5.48 | 5.58 | Min. | 3.1 | 11.91 |
EE of primary emulsion (%) | 83.33 | 83.12 | Max. | 51.31 | 93.26 |
EE of double emulsion (%) | 93.26 | 93.28 | Max. | 65.52 | 98.81 |