Actinobacterial and fungal strain-enriched wheat straw as an effective strategy for alleviating the effect of salinity stress on soil chemical and biochemical properties

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 2 Effect of salinity, microorganisms and wheat residue on microbial respiration rate (MRR) and metabolic quotient (qCO₂)

Micro-Organism	Salinity (dS m⁻¹)	Incubation time (day)			Incubation time (day)
		30	60	90	30	60	90
		Without plant residue			With plant residue
Microbial respiration rate (MRR, mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹)
M-	0	24.6 ± 0.01^Ah	14.1 ± 0.15^Bh	13.2 ± 0.40^Bh	57.9 ± 0.15^Ab	37.3 ± 0.30^Bb	34.6 ± 0.34^Cb
	8	19.6 ± 0.09^Aj	10.1 ± 0.01^Bj	7.50 ± 0.24^Cj	35.0 ± 0.38^Ad	21.4 ± 0.01^Bd	19.3 ± 0.01^Cd
	15	16.3 ± 0.19^Al	8.60 ± 0.13^Bl	7.25 ± 0.13^Bl	28.0 ± 0.25^Af	16.7 ± 0.16^Bf	14.3 ± 0.14^Cf
M +	0	27.9 ± 0.28^Ag	16.5 ± 0.13^Bg	15.7 ± 0.10^Cg	69.3 ± 0.01^Aa	46.5 ± 0.13^Ba	42.1 ± 0.23^Ca
	8	23.6 ± 0.25^Ai	13.7 ± 0.10^Bi	12.1 ± 0.33^Ci	52.5 ± 0.16^Ac	33.2 ± 0.21^Bc	29.3 ± 0.38^Cc
	15	20.2 ± 0.01^Ak	11.4 ± .010^Bk	8.82 ± 0.14^Bk	30.3 ± 0.37^Ae	19.3 ± 0.01^Be	18.2 ± 0.01^Ce
M-	0	104 ± 0.17^Ac	87.9 ± 0.07^Bd	84.7 ± 0.32^Be	93.6 ± 0.10^Ab	83.0 ± 0.41^Ba	77.8 ± 0.23^Cb
	8	102 ± 0.44^Ade	74.6 ± 0.26^Be	54.0 ± 021^Cg	83.9 ± 0.04^Ac	83.4 ± 0.13^Aa	74.2 ± 0.22^Bbc
	15	106 ± 0.32^Af	76.5 ± 0.44^Bf	63.6 ± 0.15^Ch	87.8 ± 0.09^Ade	78.8 ± 0.13^Bb	68.4 ± 0.17^Cd
M +	0	96.7 ± 0.23^Ad	81.3 ± 0.22^Bbc	78.9 ± 0.22^Bde	102 ± 0.07^Aa	88.4 ± 0.25^Ba	81.0 ± 0.27^Ca
	8	107 ± 0.03^Ac	92.0 ± 0.45^Bc	80.4 ± 0.47^Cf	93.3 ± 0.12^Ab	79.7 ± 0.06^Bb	74.3 ± 0.13^Cc
	15	112 ± 0.52^Ae	89.3 ± 0.41^Be	69.2 ± 0.11^Cg	77.4 ± 0.35^Ade	77.1 ± 0.21^Abc	74.6 ± 0.08^Bb

M-, without microorganism; M + , with microorganism (P. ostreatus and S. chartreusis). Within each column the means sharing similar lowercase letters do not have significant differences among treatments at 5% level according to the LSD test. Within each row the means sharing similar uppercase letters do not have significant differences at 5% level between different sampling times at 5% level according to the LSD test. Values are mean (n = 3) with standard error (SE) of the mean