Table 3 Cellulases, hemicellulases and lignin-modifying enzymes of composting, duration of thermophilic phase, prominent bacterial species, and type of compost

Cellulase

4th–12th week/24

Bacillus nealsonii 104C

Agricultural residue/sawdust 97:3 and 15:85

[54]

Not specified

Bacillus subtilis A-, M- and N-SRETCR

Coffee residues/cow manure 3:1 (v/v)

[61]

9th–28th week/44

Devosia, Flavobacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas, Pseudomonas, and Achromobacter

Textile waste

[20]

4 days/24

Firmicutes

Sewage sludge/saw dust 4:1 (w/w)

[65]

4th–7th day/11

Mostly Bacillus sp.

Sludge/corn straw 3:1 (w/w)

[57]

3rd–16th day/25

Mostly Bacillus sp.

Chicken manure/rice husk (17.3 C/N)

[58]

5th–22nd day/39

Nonomuraea sp., Virgibacillus sp.

Cow manure, mushroom residue, sawdust

[59]

From 6 to 26 days/31

Firmicutes, Proteobacteria

Food waste

[15]

2nd–7th day/11

Bacillus sp.

Sewage sludge/sawdust/ biochar

[68]

β-glucosidase

2nd–4th week/24

Bacillus nealsonii 104C

Agricultural residue/sawdust 97:3 and 15:85

[54]

4th–16th day/25

Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus

Mulberry branches/cow dung 3:7 (w/w)

[23]

2nd–7th day/11

Bacillus sp.

Sewage sludge/sawdust/ biochar

[68]

Xylanase

4th–12th week/24

Paenibacillus validus 1VC

Agricultural residue/sawdust 97:3 and 15:85

[54]

4th–16th day/25

Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus; Stenotrophomonas, Sinibacillus

Mulberry branches/cow dung 3:7 (w/w); mulberry branches/ silkworm excrement 1:9 (w/w)

[23]

3rd–16th day/25

Bacillus sp.

Chicken manure/rice husk (17.3 C/N)

[58]

9th–28th week/44

Devosia, Flavobacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas, Pseudomonas, and Achromobacter

Textile waste

[20]

11 days/180

Firmicutes

Tomato plant waste/pine chips 1:1 (w/w)

[70]

Ligninase

2nd–4th week/24

Paenibacillus koreensis 12C; Paenibacillus validus 1VC

Agricultural residue/sawdust 97:3 and 15:85

[54]

Peroxidase

4th–7th day/11

Bacillus sp.

Sludge/corn straw 3:1 (w/w)

[57]

2nd–7th day/11

Bacillus sp.

Sewage sludge/sawdust/ biochar

[68]