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Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Fig. 6 | Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Fig. 6

From: Companion crops alter olfactory responses of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and its larval endoparasitoid (Cotesia icipe)

Fig. 6

Behavioural responses of gravid Spodoptera frugiperda moths in wind tunnel assays (A) oriented (upwind) flight (B) number of visits to odour source (C) landing distance from the release point (D) take off flight (E) walking and (F) wing fanning in a wind tunnel bioassay to volatiles emitted by maize alone and maize combined with companion plant species (N = 60). Means (± SE) with similar letter (s) above the bars are not significantly different. *SLD silverleaf desmodium, GLD greenleaf desmodium, Gnut groundnut, SP sweet potato. ns no significance difference

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