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Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Fig. 7 | Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Fig. 7

From: Companion crops alter olfactory responses of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and its larval endoparasitoid (Cotesia icipe)

Fig. 7

Behavioural response of Cotesia icipe females to constitutive headspace volatiles from greenleaf desmodium (GLD), sweet potato (SP), beans, cassava, groundnut (Gnut), silverleaf desmodium (SLD), maize and solvent control (DCM) in a four-arm olfactometer. Time spent by each parasitoid was observed for 12 min (N = 12). Means (± SE) with similar letter (s) above the bars are not significantly different

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