The synergistic effect of biochar and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)/poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacarylate)/chitosan) hydrogels on saline soil properties and carrot productivity

Abdeen, Sayed A.; Hefni, Hassan H. H.; Awadallah-F, Ahmed; El-Rahman, Nasser R. Abd

doi:10.1186/s40538-023-00435-2

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 4 Effect of biochar and hydrogels on soil chemical properties after carrot harvest

From: The synergistic effect of biochar and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)/poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacarylate)/chitosan) hydrogels on saline soil properties and carrot productivity

Treatments (%)	pH (1:2.5 soil suspension)	EC dSm⁻¹ (1:2.5 soil extract)	OM %	CEC cmolc kg⁻¹	ESP %	FC (%)	PWP (%)	AW (%)	BD Mg. (m^-3)
Control	7.67 ± 0.01^a	5.43 ± 0.04^a	0.30 ± 0.01^b	3.20 ± 0.06^b	9.40 ± 0.15^a	10.40 ± 0.45^b	3.10 ± 0.01^b	7.30 ± 0.04^b	1.62 ± 0.01^a
BC0.5	7.65 ± 0.02^a	4.65 ± 0.06^a	0.38 ± 0.01^a	3.65 ± 0.05^b	8.10 ± 0.19^a	11.5 ± 0.70^b	3.30 ± 0.03^b	8.20 ± 0.36^a	1.59 ± 0.03^a
BC1	7.75 ± 0.02^a	4.30 ± 0.05^b	0.45 ± 0.02^a	4.15 ± 0.04^b	8.45 ± 0.30^a	12.85 ± 0.80^a	3.50 ± 0.02^a	9.35 ± 0.66^a	1.54 ± 0.01^a
(PEtOx-HEMA-CS1)0.05	7.65 ± 0.03^a	5.00 ± 0.02^a	0.30 ± 0.01^a	3.20 ± 0.03^b	9.40 ± 0.30^a	10.80 ± 0.67^b	3.20 ± 0.03a	7.60 ± 0.80^b	1.59 ± 0.01^a
(PEtOx-HEMA-CS1)0.1	7.65 ± 0.01^a	4.95 ± 0.05^a	0.30 ± 0.02^a	3.21 ± 0.03^b	9.40 ± 0.19^a	11.00 ± 0.65^b	3.50 ± 0.01^a	7.50 ± 0.60^b	1.55 ± 0.01^a
(PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.05	7.60 ± 0.04^a	4.90 ± 0.06^a	0.30 ± 0.02^b	3.18 ± 0.03^b	9.40 ± 0.20^a	11.10 ± 0.70^b	3.23 ± 0.02^b	7.87 ± 0.50^b	1.57 ± 0.01^a
(PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.1	7.60 ± 0.01^ab	4.70 ± 0.03^a	0.33 ± 0.01^b	3.25 ± 0.03^b	8.60 ± 0.18^a	11.35 ± 0.55^a	3.75 ± 0.01^a	7.60 ± 0.30^b	1.53 ± 0.02^a
(PEtOx-HEMA-CS10)0.05	7.63 ± 0.02^a	4.90 ± 0.04^a	0.35 ± 0.01^b	3.80 ± 0.04^b	8.00 ± 0.19^a	11.23 ± 0.63^b	3.35 ± 0.03^a	7.88 ± 0.40^b	1.56 ± 0.02^a
(PEtOx-HEMA-CS10)0.1	7.67 ± 0.03^a	4.74 ± 0.05^a	0.38 ± 0.01^a	4.00 ± 0.03^b	7.40 ± 0.15^b	12.10 ± 0.66^a	3.95 ± 0.01^a	8.15 ± 0.60^b	1.53 ± 0.01^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS1)0.05-BC0.5)	7.66 ± 0.04^a	4.83 ± 0.03^b	0.40 ± 0.01^a	3.60 ± 0.01^b	8.90 ± 0.10^a	12.15 ± 0.46^a	3.60 ± 0.03^a	8.55 ± 0.70^a	1.55 ± 0.01^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS1)0.1-BC0.5)	7.66 ± 0.01^a	4.80 ± 0.05^b	0.42 ± 0.02^a	3.81 ± 0.03^b	9.10 ± 0.50^a	12.85 ± 0.66^a	4.00 ± 0.05^a	8.85 ± 0.71^a	1.55 ± 0.01^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS1)0.05-BC1)	7.65 ± 0.01^a	4.63 ± 0.03^b	0.42 ± 0.01^a	4.10 ± 0.05^b	7.90 ± 0.50^a	13.00 ± 1.01^a	3.55 ± 0.04^a	9.45 ± 0.95^a	1.53 ± 0.02^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS1)0.1-BC1)	7.67 ± 0.02^a	4.50 ± 0.02^b	0.43 ± 0.03^a	4.30 ± 0.06^a	7.65 ± 0.35^b	13.20 ± 0.97^a	4.00 ± 0.03^a	9.20 ± 0.90^a	1.53 ± 0.02^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.05-BC0.5)	7.65 ± 0.03^a	4.32 ± 0.01^b	0.42 ± 0.03^a	3.65 ± 0.03^b	8.65 ± 0.40^a	13.11 ± 0.89^a	3.80 ± 0.02^a	9.31 ± 0.88^a	1.55 ± 0.01^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.1-BC0.5)	7.65 ± 0.04^a	4.15 ± 0.01^b	0.46 ± 0.03^a	3.85 ± 0.03^b	8.90 ± 0.51^a	13.45 ± 1.03^a	4.10 ± 0.04^a	9.35 ± 0.91^a	1.52 ± 0.02^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.05-BC1)	7.65 ± 0.01^a	4.30 ± 0.02^b	0.45 ± 0.02^a	4.20 ± 0.02^b	7.20 ± 0.41^b	13.00 ± 0.96^a	3.65 ± 0.03^a	9.35 ± 0.63^a	1.53 ± 0.02^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.1-BC1)	7.68 ± 0.04^a	4.00 ± 0.04^b	0.45 ± 0.01^a	4.50 ± 0.04^a	6.60 ± 0.51^b	13.60 ± 0.98^a	4.20 ± 0.04^a	9.40 ± 0.38^a	1.50 ± 0.01^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS10)0.05-BC0.5)	7.67 ± 0.03^a	4.55 ± 0.05^a	0.40 ± 0.03^a	3.75 ± 0.05^b	8.50 ± 0.61^a	12.00 ± 0.87^a	3.50 ± 0.04^a	8.50 ± 0.70^a	1.56 ± 0.02^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS10)0.1-BC0.5)	7.69 ± 0.01^a	4.40 ± 0.04^a	0.40 ± 0.02^a	4.00 ± 0.06^b	7.50 ± 0.50^a	12.12 ± 0.69^a	3.70 ± 0.04^a	8.42 ± 0.57^a	1.54 ± 0.02^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS10)0.05-BC1)	7.70 ± 0.03^a	4.44 ± 0.03^a	0.50 ± 0.03^a	4.50 ± 0.04^a	7.25 ± 0.61^b	13.10 ± 0.89^a	3.90 ± 0.02^a	9.20 ± 0.40^a	1.52 ± 0.01^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS10)0.1-BC1)	7.71 ± 0.02^a	4.15 ± 0.06^b	0.57 ± 0.03^a	4.90 ± 0.06^a	6.70 ± 0.40^b	13.40 ± 0.90^a	4.10 ± 0.01^a	9.30 ± 0.37^a	1.50 ± 0.02^a

Treatments are descending order alphabetically (a,b and c) according to the significance at p ≤ 0.05

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