The synergistic effect of biochar and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)/poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacarylate)/chitosan) hydrogels on saline soil properties and carrot productivity

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 7 Carrot yield as affected by biochar and tested hydrogels

Treatments (%)	Applied water m³ ha⁻¹	Root yield		Water use efficiency (WUE) kg.m⁻³
Treatments (%)	Applied water m³ ha⁻¹	t ha⁻¹	Relative increase %	Water use efficiency (WUE) kg.m⁻³
Control	4800	13.51 ± 0.30^c	0.00	2.81 ± 0.02^c
BC0.5	4500	15.10 ± 0.41^b	11.77	3.36 ± 0.04^b
BC1	4540	15.40 ± 0.50^b	13.99	3.39 ± 0.03^b
(PEtOx-HEMA-CS1)0.05	4500	14.00 ± 0.20^b	3.63	3.11 ± 0.01^b
(PEtOx-HEMA-CS1)0.1	4450	14.20 ± 0.41^b	5.12	3.19 ± 0.04^b
(PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.05	4400	14.22 ± 0.52^b	5.22	3.23 ± 0.06^b
(PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.1	4250	14.81 ± 0.33^b	9.62	3.48 ± 0.03^b
(PEtOx-HEMA-CS10)0.05	4550	14.22 ± 0.41^b	5.26	3.13 ± 0.05^b
(PEtOx-HEMA-CS10)0.1	4400	14.42 ± 0.22^b	6.74	3.28 ± 0.02^b
PEtOx-HEMA-CS1)0.05-BC0.5)	4380	15.50 ± 0.60^b	14.73	3.54 ± 0.04^b
PEtOx-HEMA-CS1)0.1-BC0.5)	4300	15.60 ± 0.50^b	15.47	3.63 ± 0.03^b
PEtOx-HEMA-CS1)0.05-BC1)	4250	16.00 ± 0.30^b	18.43	3.76 ± 0.05^b
PEtOx-HEMA-CS1)0.1-BC1)	4150	19.81 ± 0.90^a	46.63	4.77 ± 0.06^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.05-BC0.5)	4300	16.59 ± 0.36^b	22.77	3.86 ± 0.09^b
PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.1-BC0.5)	4200	16.81 ± 0.63^b	24.43	4.00 ± 0.04^b
PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.05-BC1)	4100	17.63 ± 0.40^b	30.50	4.06 ± 0.03^b
PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.1-BC1)	3900	19.81 ± 0.57^a	46.63	5.08 ± 0.04^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS10)0.05-BC0.5)	4350	19.42 ± 0.40^a	43.71	4.46 ± 0.05^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS10)0.1-BC0.5)	4400	19.80 ± 0.40^a	46.56	4.50 ± 0.03^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS10)0.05-BC1)	4100	19.90 ± 0.30^a	47.26	4.85 ± 0.04^a
PEtOx-HEMA-CS10)0.1-BC1)	3950	20.22 ± 0.40^a	49.63	5.12 ± 0.08^a

Treatments are descending order alphabetically (a,b and c) according to the significance at p ≤ 0.05