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Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 4 Gene copy numbers resulting from the qPCR analyses

From: 16S metabarcoding, total soil DNA content, and functional bacterial genes quantification to characterize soils under long-term organic and conventional farming systems

Farming system

16S**

Archaeal amoA*

Eubacterial amoA***

nifH***

Gene copy number

Gene copy number

Gene copy number

Gene copy number

CA

1.36 × 108 ± 2.99 × 107 b

2.43 × 103 ± 6.86 × 102 b

5.36 × 103 ± 1.42 × 103 b

5.40 × 103 ± 1.81 × 103 b

OA

3.52 × 108 ± 3.30 × 107 a

3.86 × 105 ± 1.34 × 105 a

9.46 × 105 ± 2.22 × 105 a

1.55 × 106 ± 4.02 × 105 a

Farming system

nosZ*

nirK*

gh48**

NRPS I*

Gene copy number

Gene copy number

Gene copy number

Gene copy number

CA

1.13 × 103 ± 2.57 × 102 b

5.29 × 105 ± 1.18 × 105 b

1.12 × 104 ± 8.15 × 102 b

6.11 × 101 ± 2.12 × 101 b

OA

4.81 × 105 ± 1.89 × 105 a

4.91 × 106 ± 1.34 × 106 a

1.90 × 105 ± 2.52 × 104 a

2.17 × 105 ± 1.08 × 105 a

Farming system

NRPS II*

PKS I***

PKS II**

Gene copy number

Gene copy number

Gene copy number

CA

5.86 × 103 ± 1.09 × 103 b

8.88 × 101 ± 2.62 × 101 b

2.33 × 104 ± 6.87 × 103 b

OA

3.27 × 105 ± 1.26 × 105 a

1.01 × 104 ± 1.33 × 103 a

1.59 × 106 ± 5.23 × 105 a

  1. Means with different letters in the vertical comparison are significantly different at the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. *Significance level p < 0.05, **Significance level p < 0.01, ***Significance level p < 0.001
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