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Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Fig. 2 | Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Fig. 2

From: Optimizing ethyl formate fumigation in greenhouse cucurbit crops for efficient control of major agricultural pests, Myzus persicae and Thrips palmi

Fig. 2

Establishment of residue evaluation of ethyl formate (EF) using headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS–GC–MS). a Hydrolysis reaction of EF, b solvent optimization for separation between ethanol (EtOH) and EF using acetonitrile or n-Hexane. c 1 g of soil or leaf in headspace vial for autosampler. d Evaluation of basal content in ethanol and EF in 1 g of watermelon leaf. Retention time (RT) of three chemicals was 1.24 min for carbon dioxide (CO2), 1.35 min for EtOH, and 1.44 min for EF, respectively. e Standard curve of EF with 1 g of soil and each crops leaf for consideration of basal content

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