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Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Fig. 6 | Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Fig. 6

From: Optimizing ethyl formate fumigation in greenhouse cucurbit crops for efficient control of major agricultural pests, Myzus persicae and Thrips palmi

Fig. 6

Field application of ethyl formate (EF) fumigation technique in a vinyl house environment (340 m3). a Photograph of the greenhouse with a 3D view diagram for gas and soil sampling. b EF concentration–time (g/m3) in the air of the greenhouse during fumigation with 6 g/m3 EF for 2 h with average concentration–time (CT). Measured temperature and humidity during fumigation were 26.8–34.2 ℃ and 70–99%, respectively. Different letters above symbols indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) as determined using a one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test (a > b)

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