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Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Fig. 7 | Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Fig. 7

From: Optimizing ethyl formate fumigation in greenhouse cucurbit crops for efficient control of major agricultural pests, Myzus persicae and Thrips palmi

Fig. 7

Phytotoxicity evaluation and efficacy test of ethyl formate (EF) fumigation in a vinyl house environment (340 m3). a Cultivation photograph and diagram of three different crops by plant developmental stages. b, c Photographs and phytotoxic indices of each developmental stage of each crop at 7 days post-fumigation. n.s., Not significant. d Mortality of Myzus persicae and Thrips palmi after 6 g/m3 EF fumigation for 2 h (CT = 6.2 ± 0.1 g h/m3, n = 50 in 5 replicates, Temp.: 26.8–34.2 ℃, Humidity: 70–99%). Dot lines represent the target concentration–time (CT) value of each pest (> LCT90 value for M. persicae and > LCT50 for T. palmi)

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