Ozonated water soaking improves the flower growth, antioxidant activity, and bioactive compound accumulation in Agastache rugosa

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 5 Acacetin 7-O-2"-O-acetyl)β-D-glucopyranoside (acacetin 1), acacetin 7-O-(6"-O-malonyl)β-D-glucopyranoside (acacetin 2), and acacetin 7-O-(2"-O-acetyl-6"-malonyl)β-D-glucopyranoside (acacetin 3) concentrations (mg.g⁻¹ DW) in the flowers, stems, leaves, and roots of A. rugosa under different ozonated water treatments (0, 1, 10, 20, 40, and 80 s at 1 µmol·mol⁻¹)

^wOzone soaking time (s)	Acacetin 1 concentration in plant organs (mg^.g⁻¹ DW)				Acacetin 2 concentration in plant organs (mg^.g⁻¹ DW)				Acacetin 3 concentration in plant organs (mg^.g⁻¹ DW)
^wOzone soaking time (s)	Flowers	Stems	Leaves	Roots	Flowers	Stems	Leaves	Roots	Flowers	Stems	Leaves	Roots
0	8.48a	2.13a	2.68	0.04c	6.10bc	0.82bc	1.34c	0.04c	15.44ab	2.03bc	2.23c	0.09ab
1	8.25a	1.73c	2.98	0.09a	6.58abc	0.72d	1.85b	0.06a	15.01ab	1.69d	2.80ab	0.16a
10	7.21b	2.15a	2.45	0.07b	5.70c	0.95a	1.25c	0.05bc	13.17bc	2.40a	2.29bc	0.12ab
20	6.91b	1.55d	2.71	0.07b	6.88ab	0.73 cd	1.85b	0.05bc	12.64bc	1.85 cd	2.38bc	0.12ab
40	6.21b	1.65 cd	2.93	0.07b	5.98bc	0.81bcd	2.33a	0.05b	11.55c	1.99bc	3.31a	0.14ab
80	8.91a	1.90b	2.75	0.04c	7.65a	0.84b	1.97ab	0.03d	16.03a	2.10b	2.78ab	0.08b
Significance^z	***	***	NS	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	NS
L^y	NS	NS	NS	NS	**	NS	*	***	NS	NS	NS	NS
Q^x	***	*	NS	NS	**	NS	**	***	***	NS	NS	NS

^wOzone soaking time; NS not significant (p > 0.05); ^zsignificant at *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001; ^yL linear, ^xQ quadratic in the regression analysis. Values represent the means of three assays (n = 3). Different letters indicate the significant differences among treatments at p < 0.05, as determined using the Tukey’s test. DW dry weight