Ozonated water soaking improves the flower growth, antioxidant activity, and bioactive compound accumulation in Agastache rugosa

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 6 Acacetins 1, 2, and 3 contents (mg/plant organs DW) in the flowers, stems, leaves, and roots of A. rugosa under different ozonated water treatments (0, 1, 10, 20, 40, and 80 s at 1 µmol mol⁻¹)

^wOzone soaking time (s)	Acacetin 1 content in plant organs (mg/plant organs DW)				Acacetin 2 content in plant organs (mg/plant organs DW)				Acacetin 3 content in plant organs (mg/plant organs DW)
^wOzone soaking time (s)	Flowers	Stems	Leaves	Roots	Flowers	Stems	Leaves	Roots	Flowers	Stems	Leaves	Roots
0	5.88b	4.24a	7.63ab	0.04c	4.22b	1.62abc	3.80 cd	0.04c	10.68b	4.04abc	6.35b	0.09
1	6.58b	3.39b	8.44ab	0.08a	5.24b	1.41c	5.24bc	0.05ab	11.96b	3.32c	7.92b	0.14
10	6.16b	3.77ab	7.25b	0.08a	4.88b	1.67abc	3.70d	0.05ab	11.26b	4.20ab	6.78b	0.12
20	9.41a	3.19b	7.74ab	0.07a	9.36a	1.51bc	5.29b	0.06a	17.19a	3.82bc	6.80b	0.14
40	9.40a	3.62ab	9.43a	0.08a	9.06a	1.77ab	7.50a	0.06a	17.49a	4.37ab	10.67a	0.16
80	10.82a	4.30a	7.72ab	0.05b	9.28a	1.91a	5.55b	0.04c	19.46a	4.77a	7.82b	0.09
Significance^z	***	**	***	***	***	**	***	***	***	**	***	NS
L^y	***	NS	NS	NS	***	***	*	NS	***	***	NS	NS
Q^x	***	*	NS	*	***	**	**	***	***	**	*	*

^wOzone soaking time; NS not significant (p > 0.05); ^zsignificant at *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001; ^yL: linear; ^xQ quadratic in the regression analysis. Values represent the means of three assays (n = 3). Different letters indicate the significant differences among treatments at p < 0.05, as determined using the Tukey’s test. DW dry weight