Root-associated symbiotic fungi enhance waterlogging tolerance of peach seedlings by increasing flavonoids and activities and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 1 Effects of Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica on plant height growing rate and root parameters of peach seedlings under waterlogging stress and non-waterlogging stress

Treatments	Height growing rate (mm/day)	Total biomass (g/plant)	Root parameters
Treatments	Height growing rate (mm/day)	Total biomass (g/plant)	Fungal colonization (%)	Length (cm)	Surface area (cm²)	Volume (cm³)
N-F	0.94 ± 0.11b	5.54 ± 1.00d	0c	768.5 ± 122.2abc	102.3 ± 25.8bc	1.12 ± 0.14c
N + Fm	1.19 ± 0.23a	7.91 ± 0.79ab	96.8 ± 6.3a	860.6 ± 111.9a	141.0 ± 17.9a	1.90 ± 0.22a
N + Si	1.09 ± 0.21ab	6.75 ± 0.61c	53.6 ± 21.4b	645.4 ± 53.3bc	93.7 ± 5.4c	1.09 ± 0.15c
W–F	0.71 ± 0.12c	5.30 ± 1.16d	0c	616.6 ± 95.0c	77.7 ± 10.0c	0.79 ± 0.10d
W + Fm	1.15 ± 0.20ab	8.41 ± 1.39a	97.0 ± 5.6a	844.7 ± 164.4a	137.9 ± 31.5a	1.81 ± 0.29ab
W + Si	1.08 ± 0.20ab	7.32 ± 1.01ab	92.9 ± 14.3a	801.0 ± 96.5ab	126.1 ± 13.6ab	1.60 ± 0.17b

Different letters following data (means ± SD, n = 4) in a column indicate a significant difference at 0.05 levels. Here, height growing rate = (the height after waterlogging—the height before waterlogging)/14 days
-F inoculation without endophytic fungi, + Fm inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae, + Si inoculation with Serendipita indica, N non-waterlogging stress, W waterlogging stress