Structural characteristics of microbial exopolysaccharides in association with their biological activities: a review

Wang, Wei; Ju, Yuhao; Liu, Nan; Shi, Shengbo; Hao, Lujiang

doi:10.1186/s40538-023-00515-3

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Table 1 Monosaccharide compositions and conformational of selected microbial EPS and their related biological activities

From: Structural characteristics of microbial exopolysaccharides in association with their biological activities: a review

EPS Producing Microorganisms	Monosaccharide composition	Molecular weight	conformation	Biological activities	Refs.
Aureobasidium pullulans CGMCC 23063	Beta-glucan	2.949 × 10⁵ Da	Composed spheres joined by triple-helix conformation into chains and circles	Immunomodulatory	[56]
Panteoa alhagi NX-11	Glucose Galactose Mannose	1.326 × 10⁶ Da	Flaky structure	Antioxidant	[57]
Morchella esculenta	Glucose Mannose	1.392 × 10⁶ Da	Fragmental and rod-like structure	Immunomodulatory	[58]
Lysinibacillus fusiformis KMNTT-10	Xylose Rhamnose Arabinose Galactose Glucose	—	A highly porous web-like structure with an irregular surface	Flocculation Emulsification Antioxidant	[59]
Alteromonas infernus	Glucose Rhamnose Galactose	1.0 × 10³ Da	Random-coiled conformation	Anti-metastatic	[60, 61]
Potential Probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides LM187	Arabinose Galactose Rhamnose	7.757 × 10⁷ Da	A large number of scattered, fluffy, porous cellular network flake structures	Antioxidant	[62]
Weissella confusa XG-3	Glucose	3.19 × 10⁶ Da	A smooth, porous, and branched structure; round lumps and chains on irregular surfaces	Antioxidant	[63]
Cordyceps militaris	Galactose Mannose	1.56 × 10⁶ Da	Helix structure when dissolved in weakly alkaline solution; branched and intertwined form on the surface	Hypoglycemic	[17]
Weissella cibaria MED17	Glucose	–	Compact sheet-like morphology	Antioxidant	[64]
Pleurotus citrinopileatus	Galactose Glucose	1.062 × 10⁶ Da	Triple-helix conformation	Hypoglycemic	[65]
Antrodia cinnamomea	Galactose	1.18 × 10⁵ Da	Spherical and flexible chain morphologies	Food /drug delivery	[66]
Lactobacillus plantarum HY	Mannose Galactose Glucose	9.549 × 10⁴ Da	A highly porous structure, the presence of spherical lumps	Antioxidant Alpha-amylase inhibitory activity	[67]
Abortiporus biennis	Glucose Mannose Galactose	2.207 × 10⁴ Da	A random coil conformation	Antioxidant Antitumor	[68]
Lactobacillus plantarum JLAU103	Arabinose Rhamnose Fucose Xylose Mannose Fructose Galactose Glucose	1.24 × 10⁴KDa	A smooth and glittering cube structure, and the presence of many homogeneous rod-shaped lumps	Antioxidant	[69]
Lactococcus lactis F-mou	Galactose Glucose	–	A porous structure characterized by a flake-like basic configuration with an extremely dense assembly	Antioxidant Anticoagulant	[70]
Alteromonas sp. PRIM-28	Glucose Mannose	7.80 × 10⁵ Da	Exists as a triple helical structure in an aqueous solution	Promote wound healing	[71]
Lactobacillus fermentum S1	Mannose Rhamnose Glucose Galactose	7.19 × 10⁵ Da	A hollow porous structure	Antioxidant	[72]
Lactobacillus plantarum KX041	Arabinose Mannose Glucose Galactose	2.638 ~ 7.073 × 10⁴ Da	A triple helical structure; flake shapes piling up into compact structures with a rough surface	Immunomodulatory Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory	[73]
Rigidoporus microporus (Agaricomycetes)	Beta- glucopyranose; Mannose	34.1 × 10⁴ Da	A flexible, linear random coil chain structure	Antioxidant	[74]
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GSBa-1	Glucose	5.4 × 10⁴ Da	Appeared as ellipsoid or globose with a smooth surface	Antioxidant	[75]
Streptococcus thermophilus AR333	Galactose Glucose	3.137 × 10⁵ Da	As compact and semi-stiff or stiff chains in an aqueous solution	Emulsification	[76]

EPS Exopolysaccharides

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